Certain groups of neonates are at high risk of developing long-term neurodevelopmental impairment (NDI) and might be considered candidates for neuroprotective interventions. This chapter will explore some of these high-risk groups, relevant mechanisms of brain injury, and specific mechanisms of cellular injury and death. The potential of erythropoietin (Epo) to act as a neuroprotective agent for neonatal brain injury will be discussed. Clinical trials of Epo neuroprotection in preterm and term infants are updated.
Despite a contemporary survival of >90% in infants with intestinal failure, a majority of providers still recommend comfort care in infants with massive bowel loss. Significant differences were identified in clinical decision making between surgeons and neonatologists. These data reinforce the need for targeted education on long-term outcomes in intestinal failure to neonatal and surgical providers.
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