All isolates from humans had spoligotype patterns that matched those observed in the cattle isolates, and all human isolates shared common ancestors with cattle in Baja California based on SNP analysis. This suggests that most human tuberculosis caused by M. bovis in Baja California is derived from M. bovis circulating in Baja California cattle. These results reinforce the importance of bovine tuberculosis surveillance and control in this region.
ABSTRACT. Zoonotic parasitic infections are a major global public and veterinary health problem and widespread among stray dogs. The objective of this study was to establish the prevalence of intestinal parasites in stray dogs in the urban, rural and coastal areas of Mexicali County in northwest Mexico. In 2014, from January to December, 380 stray dogs were captured. The entire small intestine, cecum and faeces samples were collected and examined by using simple zinc sulfate flotation and Lugol's solution staining. Data were statistically analysed. Overall, about 21.5% of examined dogs were found positive for intestinal parasites. Toxocara canis was the most frequent detected parasite, with a prevalence of 7.1%, followed by Toxascaris leonina (5.5%), Cystoisospora spp. (5.0%), Taenia spp. (3.9%) and Dipylidium caninum (2.8%). Dogs were more frequently found to be infected with a single genus of intestinal parasite (18.7%) than co-infected (2.8%). Intestinal parasites were more prevalent in samples from the coastal area (25%) than in those from the rural (24.4%) and urban (20.6%) areas, however, only statistical association was found between capture area and specific intestinal parasitic infection. There were significant differences in the prevalence of taeniasis among two age groups (P<0.01). A seasonal peak of prevalence for intestinal parasitic infections was found during spring (P<0.05), corresponding with a seasonal peak of prevalence of T. canis (P<0.05). The wide range of isolated parasites indicated that people residing in this area are at risk of exposure to these potentially hazardous zoonotic pathogens.Key words: toxocariasis, taeniasis, Mexico, public health. RESUMEN.Las infecciones zoonóticas parasitarias son un problema global público y para la medicina veterinaria, siendo diseminadas por perros callejeros. El objetivo del estudio fue determinar la prevalencia de parasitosis intestinales en perros callejeros de la zona urbana, rural y costera del municipio de Mexicali, noroeste de México. En 2014, entre enero y diciembre, se capturaron 380 perros. Se colectó el intestino, ciego y heces y se examinaron utilizando flotación con sulfato de zinc y tinción con la solución de Lugol. Los datos fueron analizados estadísticamente. En general, alrededor del 21,5% de los perros examinados fueron positivos a parásitos intestinales. Toxocara canis fue el parásito más frecuentemente, con una prevalencia del 7,1%, seguido por Toxascaris leonina (5,5%), Cystoisospora spp. (5,0%), Taenia spp. (3,9%) y Dipylidium caninum (2,8%). Los perros fueron más frecuentemente encontrados infectados con un solo género de parásito intestinal (18,7%) que coinfectados (2,8%). Las parasitosis intestinales fueron más prevalentes en muestras de la costa (25%) que del área rural (24,4%) y urbana (20,6%), sin embargo solo se encontró asociación estadística entre el área de captura y las parasitosis intestinales específicas. Hubo diferencias significativas en la prevalencia de taeniasis entre los dos grupos de edad (P<0,01). El pico esta...
Stray dogs are one of the main reservoirs of intestinal parasitic infections and some have zoonotic potential. An epidemiological survey was carried out between September 2017 and May 2018 in Mexicali Valley, this area sacrifices around 92,470 head of cattle monthly, which represents 27% of the national slaughter and has 71,307 hectares for crops. In this period the Municipal Animal Control Center during their routine visits to the Mexicali Valley captured 103 dogs. All the dogs were evaluated using copromicroscopic techniques to detect intestinal parasites. The general frequency of parasitic infections was 28.15% (29/103), the most frequent parasite being Dipylidium caninum 16.50% (17/103), followed by Taenia spp. 6.79% (7/103), Taenia hydatigena 2.91% (3/103), Taenia serialis 0.97% (1/103), Taenia pisiformis (0.97%), Toxocara canis 3.88% (4/103), Toxascaris leonina 1.94% (2/103), and Cystoisospora spp. 1.94% (2/103). No significant statistical associations were found between parasitic infections and the studied variables (sex, age, and size) however; there was a significant statistical association with the capture area. Most of the parasites found in this survey have potential to affect the human population and animal production.
Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) is the main reason for economic loss in feedlots. A cross-sectional study was conducted in order to detect the pathogens involved in BRD. A total of 88 animals with respiratory signs were sampled for diagnosis using PCR. The detected pathogens were bovine respiratory syncytial virus (80.6%), Mannheimia haemolytica (79.5%), Pasteurella multocida (68.1%), parainfluenza 3 virus (23.8%), bovine herpes virus-1 (20.4%), and bovine viral diarrhea virus (11.3%). The average number of treatments applied per animal was 1.3 with an estimated treatment cost of 16 USD per treatment/animal. Animals receiving more than one treatment averaged costs exceeding 38 USD per animal. In total, 77% of all animals received the first treatment during the first 3 weeks after arrival. We found a relationship between shrink percentage and the distance traveled by the livestock from its origin to the feedlot (P = 0.049). BRD represents a costly condition for feedlot operations. It is imperative that cattleman and veterinary practitioners recognize the necessity to apply additional preventive medicine strategies to reduce the impact of BRD. Preconditioning and a more systematic use of methaphylaxis may improve our ability to accurately identify the most effective strategies to reduce the impact of BRD.
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