DATA ABOUT THE SITEWhen the Tȃrtȃria tablets were discovered many discussions and questions arose concerning their absolute chronology. At that time, the beginning of the Star≠evo-Cris culture was dated to around 3400 BC (Grbi≤ 195.25, 27; Benac 1958. 41). Tȃrtȃria-Groapa luncii is located near the CFR station Tȃrtȃria, on a small promontory. Some time ago, below this promontory a branch of the Mures River flowed; this branch received water from a small stream and other springs from the high terraces of the Mures River (15 m high), which was greatly very much eroded flooding. Because of this we can now see a very abrupt and eroded bank in the area of trenches made by Kurt Horedt, Nicolae Vlassa or Iuliu Paul (1995)
In this study the authors would like to extend throne notion with examples from religious life of Neolithic and Copper Age communities. Throne with its symbols is present starting with the earliest Neolithic horizons of Anatolia until center of Europe, in 7-5 millennia. We have analyzed some important discoveries related with monumental pieces from sanctuaries, as well as those discovered in community altar or domestic sanctuaries. These monumental pieces from sanctuaries reflect the place of the divinity or her representation in the sanctuary and their role in religious ceremonies. For many of the presented pieces we offer new hypothesis and opinions regarding their functionality. We also refer to some idols types that are sitting on thrones representing divinities or priestess that represent the image of the divinity.
In this study we have resumed the problem of Neolithic settlements with a complex architecture (defense systems with ditches, palisades, towers, bastions; residential buildings; cult constructions; social constructions) which support the idea of a proto-urban organization since the PPN. We have analyzed current definitions of cities and fairs, which mainly reflect situations from classical antiquity and the Middle Ages, but they cannot be applied to prehistoric realities, which, according to interdisciplinary research, offer another perspective. We also believe that religion too has played an important part in these sites, some of them being real centers of worship.
Fire is presented generally after 5 issues: the usual fire, thunderbolt, Sun, fire of penetration or absorption, fire of destruction. There are several objects containing symbols, signs or sacred scenes related with fire. Some of them represent ideograms, other mithogrames, representing means of communication between man and divinity in Heaven. It is necessary to remind of these messages, especially those discovered on small cult altars used for burning the offerings: Ocna Sibiului, Turdaş, Karanovo, Gradešnica etc. On other objects, such as the ceramic fragment discovered at Lozna, man sent arrow to the Sun (god of light and of diurnal heat). Sanctuary 2 at Parţa occupies an important place in the Neolithic man's relationship with chthonian and celestial deities, helping us to decipher the religious beliefs of those times.
Archaeological investigations at Rupea in the summer of 2018 showed that in the vicinity of each spring of salt water, from about 50 m to 1,7 km there is an early Neolithic site, belonging to Starčevo – Criş. Analyzing the ceramic materials from a complex and those discovered on the area of the site we found that they belong to the Starčevo-Criş III phase. Chronological and cultural links suggest that these communities are related to the discoveries of Cristian III in the same cultural phase. Based on ethno-archeological research on salt sources, but also in the sheepfolds, their placement against salt springs and salted lands, archaeologists have established direct links between salt sources and neolithisation processes in the Rupea area. Rupea is at the center of communication paths between Moldova, south-eastern Transylvania and western Transylvania in the middle basin of Mureş and the center of Transylvania (the upper part of Mureş's middle basin).
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