Background Routine disinfection of environmental surfaces is essential to control the spread of pathogens that cause healthcare-associated infections. The aim of this study was to determine the efficacy of a panel of disinfectants against two human norovirus surrogates [feline calicivirus (FCV) and Tulane virus (TuV)] and Clostridioides difficile endospores. Methods Nine products on EPA’s List G were selected using four criteria: 1) ready-to-use, 2) nonchlorine-based active ingredient, 3) commercially available, and 4) limited known health risks. Active ingredients of the products included hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), peracetic acid, quaternary ammonium compounds, or alcohols. The efficacy of the products against FCV, TuV and C. difficile spores was tested using the ASTM suspension test and on stainless steel coupons for 1, 5 and 10 min (FCV, TuV) and 10 min (C. difficile spores). Results On stainless steel carriers, seven of the nine products reduced FCV > 5.1 log after 5 min of contact time and eight products after 10 min. One product reduced TuV > 3.1 log after 5 min while 8 products could not achieve this level of reduction even after 10 min. Only one product achieved > 6.0 log reduction of C. difficile spores after 10 min while other 8 products could not achieve this acceptable efficacy. The two most efficacious products contained H2O2 as active ingredient and resulted in > 5.1 log reduction of FCV and ≥ 2.4 log reduction of TuV after 5 min contact time on stainless steel carriers. However, among the five products containing H2O2, no strong correlation (R2 = 0.25, p = 0.03) between log reduction and H2O2 concentration was detected using the ASTM suspension test, suggesting product formulation, not active ingredient concentration, impacts efficacy. Conclusion A panel of nine EPA-approved disinfectants was tested against two HuNoV surrogates (FCV and TuV) and C. difficile endospores. The most efficacious products contained hydrogen peroxide as active ingredient. TuV was confirmed to be the more conservative surrogate for HuNoV than FCV. No strong correlation between log reduction and hydrogen peroxide concentration was detected, suggesting that product formulation has a significant impact on the efficacy of a product.
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