Pleomorphic adenoma is the most common parotid gland tumor and superficial parotidectomy with preservation of the facial nerve is the most common and appropriate treatment for most low-morbidity tumors.

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<p><strong>Introdução</strong>: a síndrome da apneia obstrutiva do sono (SAOS) caracteriza-se por episódios recorrentes de obstrução parcial ou total da via aérea superior, normalmente acompanhada por roncos. É de etiologia multifatorial, e o diagnóstico leva em consideração os atores de risco e as comorbidades. <strong>Objetivo</strong>: estudar os fatores de risco da SAOS, devido às comorbidades e às consequências graves que podem estar relacionadas à patologia, visando a atuar em sua prevenção e tratamento. <strong>Revisão de literatura</strong>: os principais fatores<br />de risco encontrados foram: obesidade, circunferência cervical maior que 40 cm, IMC aumentado, histórico familiar, sexo masculino, meia-idade, Classe III e IV de Mallampati modificada e alterações nas vias aéreas superiores como desvio de septo nasal, palato ole rebaixado e posteriorizado e alterações craniofaciais. <strong>Metodologia</strong>: realizou-se uma revisão de literatura sobre os fatores de<br />risco da SAOS, utilizando-se as bases de dados Pubmed, Scielo e Medline e os descritores de busca de acordo com os DECs ou Mesh.<strong>Conclusão</strong>: o estudo dos fatores de risco associados à presença de SAOS demonstra a necessidade da abordagem interdisciplinar ssa patologia junto ao médico otorrinolaringologista, por ser ela multifatorial.</p>

Introduction Dysphagia is a relevant symptom in Parkinson disease (PD), and its pathophysiology is poorly understood. To date, researchers have not investigated the effects of combined motor tasks on swallowing. Such an assessment is of particular interest in PD, in which patients have specific difficulties while performing two movements simultaneously. Objective The present study tested the hypothesis that performing concurrent tasks could decrease the safety of swallowing in PD patients as visualized using fiberoptic endoscopic evaluation of swallowing (FEES). Methods A total of 19 patients and 19 controls matched by age, gender, and level of schooling were compared by FEES under two conditions: isolated swallowing and dual task (swallowing during non-sequential opposition of the thumb against the other fingers). The two tasks involved volumes of food of 3 mL and 5 mL. The PD subjects were classified according to the Hoehn & Yahr (H&Y) Scale, the Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE), and the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA). The FEES assessment was performed according to the Boston Residue and Clearance Scale (BRACS). Results The data showed a significant worsening of swallowing in the dual task assessment for both volumes (3 mL: p ≤ 0.001; 5 mL: p ≤ 0.001) in the PD group. A correlation between the MoCA and dual-task swallowing of 3 mL was also found. Conclusion These findings suggest that additional tasks involving manual motor movements result in swallowing impairment in patients with PD. Moreover, these data highlight the need to further evaluate such conditions during treatment and assessment of PD patients.

Background Photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) is an effective method for the prevention of oral mucositis. However, the effects of PBMT on oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) have not yet been fully elucidated. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of PBMT in an OSCC‐patient‐derived xenograft (OSCC‐PDX) model. Methods BALB/c nude mice with OSCC‐PDX models were divided into Control, without PBMT (n = 8); Immediate irradiation, PBMT since one week after tumor implantation (n = 6); and Late irradiation, PBMT after tumors reached 200 mm3 (n = 6). OSCC‐PDX were daily irradiated (660 nm; 100 mW; 6 J/cm2; 0,2 J/point) for 12 weeks. The tumors were collected and submitted to volumetric, histological, immunohistochemistry, and cell cycle analysis. Results No significant differences in the volumetric measurements (p = 0.89) and in the histopathological grade (p > 0.05) were detected between the groups. The immunohistochemical analysis of Ki‐67 (p = 0.9661); H3K9ac (p = 0.3794); and BMI1 (p = 0.5182), and the evaluation of the cell cycle phases (p > 0.05) by flow cytometry also did not demonstrate significant differences between the irradiated and non‐irradiated groups. Conclusion In this study, PBMT did not impact the behavior of OSCC‐PDX models. This is an important preclinical outcome regarding safety concerns of the use of PBMT in cancer patients.