The use of pesticides in agriculture has ensured the production of different crops. However, pesticides have become an emerging public health problem for Latin American countries due to their excessive use, inadequate application, toxic characteristics, and minimal residue control. The current project evaluates the ability of two strains of algae (Chlorella and Scenedesmus sp.) and one cyanobacteria (Hapalosyphon sp.) to remove excess pesticides and other nutrients present in runoff water from rice production. Different concentrations of wastewater and carbon sources (Na2CO3 and NaHCO3) were evaluated. According to the results, all three strains can be grown in wastewater without dilution (100%), with a biomass concentration comparable to a synthetic medium. All three strains significantly reduced the concentration of NO3 and PO4 (95 and 85%, respectively), with no difference between Na2CO3 or NaHCO3. Finally, Chlorella sp. obtained the highest removal efficiency of the pesticide (Chlorpyrifos), followed by Scenedesmus and Hapalosyphon sp. (100, 75, and 50%, respectively). This work shows that it is possible to use this type of waste as an alternative source of nutrients to obtain biomass and metabolites of interest, such as lipids and carbohydrates, to produce biofuels.
The present research evaluates the simulation of a system for transforming inland-fisheries wastewater into sustainable fish feed using Designer® software. The data required were obtained from the experimental cultivation of Chlorella sp. in wastewater supplemented with N and P. According to the results, it is possible to produce up to 11,875 kg/year (31.3 kg/d) with a production cost of up to 18 (USD/kg) for dry biomass and 0.19 (USD/bottle) for concentrated biomass. Similarly, it was possible to establish the kinetics of growth of substrate-dependent biomass with a maximum production of 1.25 g/L after 15 days and 98% removal of available N coupled with 20% of P. It is essential to note the final production efficiency may vary depending on uncontrollable variables such as climate and quality of wastewater, among others.
The production of vaccines of biological origin presents a tremendous challenge for researchers. In this context, animal cell cultures are an excellent alternative for the isolation and production of biologicals against several viruses since they have an affinity with viruses and a great capacity for their replicability. Different variables have been studied to know the system's ideal parameters, allowing it to obtain profitable and competitive products. Consequently, this work focuses its efforts on evaluating an alternative for producing an anti-influenza biological from MDCK cells using SuperPro Designer v8.0 software. The process uses the DMEN culture medium supplemented with nutrients as raw material for cell development; the MDCK cells were obtained from a potential scale-up with a final working volume of 500 L, four days of residence time, inoculum volume of 10%, and continuous working mode with up to a total of 7400 h/Yr of work. The scheme has the necessary equipment for the vaccine's production, infection, and manufacture with yields of up to 416,698 units/h. In addition, it was estimated to be economically viable to produce recombinant vaccines with competitive prices of up to 0.31 USD/unit.
Este artículo presenta un análisis de curvas de Covid-19 en Colombia utilizando ajuste por mínimos cuadrados. Tomados los datos de contagios, recuperados y fallecidos de Covid-19 en Colombia entre marzo y abril, se realizó un modelamiento. Sumando los datos de mayo, junio y julio, se realizó un segundo modelamiento. Se realizaron predicciones que fueron comparadas con los datos reales de la pandemia para validar el pronóstico. Finalmente se hizo un tercer modelamiento, sumando los datos del mes de agosto y se realizaron predicciones para septiembre. Los coeficientes de determinación para los primeros dos modelamientos estuvieron en un rango entre 0.7124 y 0.9985, y para el tercer modelamiento entre 0.9524 y 0.9955. Finalmente se concluye que la Covid-19 en Colombia ha seguido los pronósticos establecidos por los modelos más acertados de este estudio con errores inferiores al 7%; de seguir así, se espera una mitigación de la pandemia para inicios de septiembre, pero un aumento de contagios para finales del mismo. Se recomienda guardar los protocolos de bioseguridad establecidos por el gobierno y reforzar las medidas de prevención en caso de presenciar el inicio de dicho aumento a mediados de septiembre.
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