Our study can offer new insights into disease mechanisms and prevention through the analysis of risk factor information in a large sample of Mexicans.
Objective: To examine the relationship between sweetened beverage consumption and components of the metabolic syndrome in a Mexican population. Design: We performed a cross-sectional analysis of data from selected adults participating in the baseline assessment of the Health Workers Cohort Study. Information on participants' sociodemographic characteristics, dietary patterns and physical activity were collected via self-administered questionnaires. Sweetened beverage consumption was evaluated through a validated semi-quantitative FFQ. Anthropometric and clinical measures were assessed with standardized procedures. The definition of metabolic syndrome was determined using criteria from the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III. The associations of interest were evaluated by means of linear and logistic regression models. Setting: The Mexican states of Morelos and Mexico. Subjects: A total of 5240 individuals aged 20 to 70 years (mean 39?4 (SD 11?5) years) were evaluated. Results: Overweight/obesity prevalence was 56?6 %. The prevalence of metabolic syndrome in this sample was 26?6 %. We found that for each additional daily sweetened beverage serving consumed, participants experienced an average increase of 0?49 mmol/l in TAG and a decrease in HDL cholesterol of 0?31 mmol/l. Subjects consuming more than two servings of sweetened beverages daily were at 2?0 times greater risk of metabolic syndrome than those who did not consume sweetened beverages. We also observed that higher sweetened beverage consumption increased the risk of all components of the metabolic syndrome. Conclusions: Our data support the hypothesis that sweetened beverage consumption increases the risk of metabolic syndrome in Mexican adults, possibly by providing excess energy and large amounts of rapidly absorbable sugars. Keywords Sweetened beveragesMetabolic syndrome Mexican populationMetabolic syndrome (MS) comprises of a cluster of risk factors for CVD that includes central obesity, dyslipidaemia, hyperglycaemia and hypertension (1,2) . The prevalence of MS is increasing and it now affects 27 % of the US population (3) . This epidemic correlates with pronounced changes in the environment, behaviours and lifestyles, and is considered one of the main threats to human health worldwide (4) . Underdeveloped countries are also facing high levels of MS; 26 % of the adult Mexican population suffers from this syndrome (5) . Mexico is also facing epidemic levels of CVD and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), illnesses associated with MS. Ford and colleagues have estimated that the population-attributable fraction associated with MS is ,6-7 % for all-cause mortality, 12-17 % for CVD and 30-52 % for T2DM (6) . Several public health studies have linked sweetened beverage intake and negative health outcomes (7) , including serious metabolic disorders such as obesity (8)(9)(10)(11) , T2DM (8,12) , CVD (12) and hypertension (13) . Since Mexico has the third highest rate of sweetened beverage consumption in the world, and 20 % o...
Objective. To examine the associations of dietary glycemic index (GI) and dietary glycemic load (GL) with blood lipid concentrations and coronary heart disease (CHD) in nondiabetic participants in the Health Worker Cohort Study (HWCS). Materials and Methods. A cross-sectional analysis was performed, using data from adults who participated in the HWCS baseline assessment. We collected information on participants' socio-demographic conditions, dietary patterns and physical activity via self-administered questionnaires. Dietary GI and dietary GL were measured using a validated food frequency questionnaire. Anthropometric and clinical measurements were assessed with standardized procedures. CHD risk was estimated according to the sex-specific Framingham prediction algorithms. Results. IIn the 5,830 individuals aged 20 to 70 who were evaluated, dietary GI and GL were significantly associated with HDL-C, LDL-C, LDL-C/HDL-C ratio, and triglycerides serum levels. Subjects with high dietary GI have a relative risk of 1.56 (CI 95%; 1.13–2.14), and those with high dietary GL have a relative risk of 2.64 (CI 95%; 1.15–6.58) of having an elevated CHD risk than those who had low dietary GI and GL. Conclusions. Our results suggest that high dietary GI and dietary GL could have an unfavorable effect on serum lipid levels, which are in turn associated with a higher CHD risk.
Background/Aims: It was the aim of this study to evaluate the relationships between sweetened beverage (SB) consumption and the following indicators of overweight/fatness among Mexican adolescents: body mass index, body composition and body fat distribution. Methods: We performed a cross-sectional analysis of data from adolescents participating in the baseline assessment of the Health Workers Cohort Study. Information on sociodemographic conditions, sexual maturation, dietary patterns and physical activity was collected via self-administered questionnaires. SB consumption was evaluated through a validated semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire. Anthropometric measures were assessed with standardized procedures. The associations of interest were evaluated by means of multivariate regression and logistic regression models. Results: A total of 1,055 adolescents, 10–19 years old (mean age 14.5 ± 2.5 years), were evaluated. The overweight/obesity prevalence was 31.6% among girls and 31.9% among boys. We found that for each additional SB serving consumed daily, the subject’s body mass index increased by on average 0.33 (p < 0.001). Subjects consuming 3 daily servings of SB face a 2.1 times greater risk of proportionally excess body fat than those who consume less than 1 SB a day. Conclusions: Our data support the hypothesis that the consumption of SB increases the risk of overweight and/or obesity and encourages excess body fat and central obesity in Mexican adolescents.
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