Current postdeployment mental health screening tools are dependent on soldiers honestly reporting their symptoms. This study indicates that the Post-Deployment Health Assessment screening process misses most soldiers with significant mental health problems. Further efforts are required to reduce the stigma of reporting and improve willingness to receive care for mental health problems.

Extensive educational programs seemed to have reduced the stigma related to receiving mental health care. Programs that focus on friend and family member encouragement of soldiers to seek mental health assistance should continue. Postdeployment screening should be conducted under conditions in which soldiers are most likely to report problems honestly.

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Predeployment mental health screening was associated with significant reductions in occupationally impairing mental health problems, medical evacuations from Iraq for mental health reasons, and suicidal ideation. This predeployment screening process provides a feasible system for screening soldiers and coordinating mental health support during deployment.

Charles W., "Effectiveness of battlefield-ethics training during combat deployment: a programme assessment" (2011 SummaryBackground Breakdowns in the ethical conduct of soldiers towards non-combatants on the battlefi eld are of grave concern in war. Evidence-based training approaches to prevent unethical conduct are scarce. We assessed the eff ectiveness of battlefi eld-ethics training and factors associated with unethical battlefi eld conduct.