Despite a substantial research literature on the influence of dimensions and exercises in assessment centers (ACs), the relative impact of these two sources of variance continues to raise uncertainties because of confounding. With confounded effects, it is not possible to establish the degree to which any one effect, including those related to exercises and dimensions, influences AC ratings. In the current study (N = 698) we used Bayesian generalizability theory to unconfound all of the possible effects contributing to variance in AC ratings. Our results show that ≤ 1.11% of the variance in AC ratings was directly attributable to behavioral dimensions, suggesting that dimension-related effects have no practical impact on the reliability of ACs.Even when taking aggregation level into consideration, effects related to general performance and exercises accounted for almost all of the reliable variance in AC ratings. The implications of these findings for recent dimension-and exercise-based perspectives on ACs are discussed. When, in the context of selection, appraisal, and development, behavioral criteria are used to evaluate individuals, it is essential that these criteria are measured reliably.Unsurprisingly, therefore, the measurement properties of assessment center (AC) ratings have come under close scrutiny in the applied psychology literature. In ACs, the behavior of jobholders or candidates is sampled across several work-related situations (exercises, e.g., a role play exercise, group discussion, presentation) and is typically assessed by trained assessors in terms of pre-defined behavioral dimensions (e.g., communication skills, teamwork, planning and organizing). As a result of their multifaceted measurement properties, incorporating dimensions, exercises, and assessors, ACs provide a rich source of information about the extent to which work-related behavioral criteria can be reliably measured in a job-relevant setting.Historically, researchers have questioned the extent to which behavioral dimensions are measured reliably in ACs, and have implied that researchers should utilize an exercise-oriented approach to scoring ACs

The development of donor‐specific HLA antibodies (DSA) is associated with worse renal allograft survival in adult patients. This study assessed the natural history of de novo DSA, and its impact on renal function in pediatric renal transplant recipients (RTR). HLA antibodies were measured prospectively using single‐antigen‐bead assays at 1, 3, 6 and 12 months posttransplant followed by 12‐monthly intervals and during episodes of allograft dysfunction. Of 215 patients with HLA antibody monitoring, 75 (35%) developed DSA at median of 0.25 years posttransplant with a high prevalence of Class II (70%) and HLA‐DQ (45%) DSA. DSA resolved in 35 (47%) patients and was associated with earlier detection (median, inter‐quartile range 0.14, 0.09–0.33 vs. 0.84, 0.15–2.37 years) and lower mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) (2658, 1573–3819 vs. 7820, 5166–11 990). Overall, DSA positive patients had more rapid GFR decline with a 50% reduction in GFR at mean 5.3 (CI: 4.7–5.8) years versus 6.1 (5.7–6.4) years in DSA negative patients (p = 0.02). GFR decreased by a magnitude of 1 mL/min/1.73 m2 per log10 increase in Class II DSA MFI (p < 0.01). Using Cox regression, independent factors predicting poorer renal allograft outcome were older age at transplant (hazard ratio 1.1, CI: 1.0–1.2 per year), tubulitis (1.5, 1.3–1.8) and microvasculature injury (2.9, 1.4–5.7). In conclusion, pediatric RTR with de novo DSA and microvasculature injury were at risk of allograft failure.

Stress-based work-nonwork interference, or negative spillover, is associated with transference of negative emotions from the work to the nonwork domain. It is argued that work-nonwork interference resulting from high work demands does not necessarily entail the reproduction of any affective states. First, calmness can result in lower work-nonwork interference and enthusiasm in higher levels. Second, hindrance stressors can be negatively related to enthusiasm and calmness, while challenge stressors are positively associated with them. Hypotheses about the relationship between stressors and interference that reflect this rationality are developed and tested using longitudinal data from a six-month diary study of portfolio workers. The results offer some support for them and indicate that both challenge and hindrance stressors are positively related to interference. However for hindrance stressors the indirect effect is positive when mediated by calmness and negative for enthusiasm. In contrast, for challenge stressors the indirect effect is negative when mediated by calmness and positive when mediated by enthusiasm. The mediation paths are significant only for transient effects. Thus there are indications that well-being can both increase or decrease interference depending on the nature of the stressor and whether it is mediated by calmness or enthusiasm. Keywords Employment, Job/employee attitudes, Job design, Stress, Work & family 'Strain-based conflict does not connote conflicting demands per se but, rather, indicates that mere participation in a domain can produce strain that hampers role performance in another domain'. It may only be about conflict, therefore, in the sense that conflict at work or at home may create negative affective experiences. Once strain-based conflict is distinguished from role conflict, it should be considered alongside positive-well-being spillover. Affective states at work or in the home can spill over whether they are negative or positive. States of ill-being and happiness in one domain may produce similar states in another that may hamper or harness performance. It is generally assumed that negative-well-being spillover will produce negative emotions in the other domain and thus the converse is true, that positive-well-being spillover will engender positive states. Thus negative spillover is assumed to increase work-nonwork interference and positive spillover to reduce work-nonwork interference. However, it is possible that negative affective experiences may reduce interference and positive moods increase it. For example, highly challenging demands at work may lead people to withdraw from them, or reduce their efforts to meet them, and in so doing reduce strain and free up energy and time for participation in nonwork activities. Or, such

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IntroductionWe have previously shown that children who developed de novo donor-specific human leukocyte antigen (HLA) antibodies (DSA) had greater decline in allograft function. We hypothesised that patients with complement-activating DSA would have poorer renal allograft outcomes.MethodsA total of 75 children developed DSA in the original study. The first positive DSA sample was subsequently tested for C1q and C3d fixing. The primary event was defined as 50% reduction from baseline estimated glomerular filtration rate and was analysed using the Kaplan–Meier estimator.ResultsOf 65 patients tested, 32 (49%) and 23 (35%) tested positive for C1q and C3d fixing, respectively. Of the 32 C1q-positive (c1q+) patients, 13 (41%) did not show concomitant C3d fixing. The mean fluorescence intensity values of the original immunoglobulin G DSA correlated poorly with complement-fixing positivity (C1q: adjusted R 2 0.072; C3d: adjusted R 2 0.11; p < 0.05). C1q+ antibodies were associated with acute tubulitis [0.75 ± 0.18 (C1q+) vs. 0.25 ± 0.08 (C1q−) episodes per patient (mean ± standard error of the mean; p < 0.05] but not with worse long-term renal allograft dysfunction (median time to primary event 5.9 (C1q+) vs. 6.4 (C1q−) years; hazard ratio (HR) 0.74; 95% confidence ratio (CI) 0.30–1.81; p = 0.58]. C3d-positive (C3d+) antibodies were associated with positive C4d histological staining [47% (C3d+) vs. 20% (C3d−); p = 0.04] and with significantly worse long-term allograft dysfunction [median time to primary event: 5.6 (C3d+) vs. 6.5 (C3d−) years; HR 0.38; 95% CI 0.15–0.97; p = 0.04].ConclusionAssessment of C3d fixing as part of prospective HLA monitoring can potentially aid stratification of patients at the highest risk of long-term renal allograft dysfunction.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1007/s00467-017-3772-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.