No abstract

We conducted trapping experiments for the emerald ash borer, Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) in Michigan, U.S.A., and Ontario, Canada, to compare unbaited light green sticky prism traps with traps baited with phoebe oil, (Z)-3-hexenol (Z3-6:OH), or blends of other green leaf volatiles (GLVs) with Z3-6:OH. Traps were placed in the lower canopy of ash trees (Fraxinus spp.). Catches with Z3-6:OH-baited traps showed a significant male bias and these traps caught significantly more males than the unbaited controls at both sites. They were also superior to phoebe oil-baited traps and those baited with GLV blends. Catches with phoebe oil showed a significant female bias but there was no difference in the number of females captured between traps baited with phoebe oil or Z3-6:OH lures. Catches were analyzed at regular time intervals to examine the response of A. planipennis to the lures over the course of the flight season. Z3-6:OH-baited traps consistently caught more males than the controls at each interval throughout the flight season. Catches of females with Z3-6:OH and phoebe oil were significantly better than the controls early in the flight season but declined to control levels by midseason. Our results suggest that Z3-6:OH-baited green traps placed in the ash canopy would be a superior lure for detecting and monitoring A. planipennis throughout the flight season.

Emerald ash borer, Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) is an invasive species from Asia that was discovered in North America Canada, in 2002. Herein, we describe studies to develop an autocontamination trapping system to disseminate Beauveria bassiana to control beetle populations. The standard trap for emerald ash borer in Canada is a light green prism trap covered in an insect adhesive and baited with (Z)-3-hexenol. We compared of green multifunnel traps, green intercept panel traps (both with and without fluon coating) and green prism traps for capturing emerald ash borer in a green ash plantation. The coated green multifunnel traps captured significantly more males and more females than any other trap design. We examined the efficacy of two native B. bassiana isolates, INRS-CFL and L49-1AA. In a field experiment the INRS-CFL isolate attached to multifunnel traps in autocontamination chambers retained its pathogenicity to emerald ash borer adults for up to 43 d of outdoor exposure. Conidia germination of the INRS-CFL isolate was >69% after outdoor exposure in the traps for up to 57 d. The L49-1AA isolate was not pathogenic in simulated trap exposures and the germination rate was extremely low (<5.3%). Mean (+/- SEM) conidia loads on ash borer adults after being autocontaminated in the laboratory using pouches that had been exposed in traps out of doors for 29 d were 579,200 (+/- 86,181) and 2,400 (+/- 681) for the INRS-CFL and the LA9-1AA isolates, respectively. We also examined the fungal dissemination process under field conditions using the L49-1AA isolate in a green ash plantation. Beetles were lured to baited green multifunnel traps with attached autocontamination chambers. Beetles acquired fungal conidia from cultures growing on pouches in the chambers and were recaptured on Pestick-coated traps. In total, 2,532 beetles were captured of which 165 (6.5%) had fungal growth that resembled B. bassiana. Of these 25 beetles were positive for the L49-1AA isolate.

ABSTRACT. The critical importance of integrating production, distribution, and inventory (PDI) operations has long been recognized by top management of many companies. Now. using (he laiest advances in Managemenl Science modeling and solution technology, an integruied computer-based PDI system has saved approximately $18 million dollars during its first three years of implemenlalion for a major national firm. Agrico Chemical Company. According to ihe Vice-Presideni of Agrico Supply and Dislribulion. an addilional $25 million savings is anticipated over the next two years.Broughi about by close cooperation between company officiais and an outside staff of Management Science consultants, the PDI system has been used extensively to evaluate the benefit/cost impact of alternative capital investments in both shon-term and long-term planning decisions. The development of the system underscores the value of recent Management Science innovations that have made it possible to analyze interacting influences too numerous and complex to be analyzed adequately only a few years ago.Advanced network methodology incorporated inio Ihe PDI system required onl> one one-hundredth of the computer lime and cost of meihodologies previously used. The power and flexibility of the new Management Science tools have also brought about increased communication and understanding of key company operations. This increased communication and understanding stems from ihe inherent '"pictorial" nature of network-based models, which facilitates interpretation of these models and policy recommendations based upon their solution. IN VENTORY/PRODUCTION; NETWORKS/GRAPHS INTERFACES November 1979 21 OverviewAgrico Chemical Company, with annual sales exceeding half a billion dollars, is one of the nation's largest chemical fertilizer companies. A subsidiary of The Williams Companies. Agrico mines, manufactures, and markets eight principal chemical products domestically and internationally. The company's success story, based on aggressive and forward-looking management, is typical of others in which a relatively small firm has been transformed into a leader in its field in less than a decade.In the mid-1970's Agrico encountered unexpected difficulties. The seasonal demand characteristic of the chemical fertilizer industry was creating a chain of intricate and far reaching effects that could not be responded to adequately. As a result, the company's profit margins were being seriously eroded by steeply escalating distribution costs. It became apparent that a multitude of interdependent factors made it impossible to find a remedy through customary metbods, such as studying cost figures and charts. Tbe web of interacting ihfluences wbich spanned tbe company's principal activities -production, distribution, and inventory -required an integrated computer-based planning system to uncover the appropriate decisions.In 1976. David Wilson. Vice-President of Agrico Supply and Distribution, in coordination with Herb Beattie, Vice-President of The Williams Companies Info...

Sticky-band trapping experiments were undertaken in 2003–2006 to examine the host-seeking behaviour of the emerald ash borer, Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire, in woodlots in southwestern Ontario, Canada. The female proportion of A. plannipennis emerging from host logs ranged from 0.414 to 0.582. Landings on sticky-band traps varied more with the female proportion, ranging from 0.392 to 0.889, with the majority in the upper range, suggesting behavioural differences between the sexes. Correlations between landing density and tree size measured as diameter at breast height were positive or showed no relationship. In some locations more beetles were captured on the south side of the tree than on the north side; however, there was no difference between these cardinal directions at other locations. Numbers of captured beetles were never significantly greater on the north side of boles. We observed greater landing densities of adults of both sexes on traps on trees along the edges of woodlots than on trees within the woodlots. When given a choice under natural conditions, beetles landed almost exclusively on host trees (Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marsh. (Oleaceae)) rather than on other common trees species (Carya ovata (Mill.) K. Koch (Juglandaceae), Tilia americana L. (Tiliaceae), and species of Acer L. (Aceraceae)) found in the same woodlots. Our data suggest that A. planipennis make host-selection decisions while in flight rather than landing randomly. Implications for monitoring A. plannipennis using sticky-band traps and understanding its host-seeking behaviour are discussed.