The role of dentin cleaning is to remove debris that may impair adaptation and marginal sealing, quantitatively reducing microorganisms. The aim of this study was to investigate through scanning electron microscopy (SEM) the morphology of the dentin surface, cut and treated with copaiba oil emulsions (CO) and suspension of ethanol extract of propolis (EP). Twenty four upper pre-molars teeth, divided into eight groups (n=3), were used: G1: no cleaning, G2: air/water spray, G3: 10% CO, G4: 10% CO + A, G5: 30% CO, G6: 30% CO + A, G7: 1% EP, G8: 2% Chlorhexidine. The specimens were dentin discs (1 mm Ø). The SEM photomicrographs were classified and the results were: G1 - Debris dentin on the entire image / countless microorganisms, G2 and G7 - 50-100 debris / countless microorganisms and G3, G4, G5, G6 and G8 - 0-50 debris / countable microorganisms (50-100 colonies).Conclusion:The present results suggest that copaiba oil emulsions (CO) and suspension of ethanol extract of propolis (EP) have feasibility to be used as bioactive dental cleaning agents.

Avaliação histomorfométrica do efeito de um biomodificador de dentina à base de óleo de copaiba (Copaifera multijuga Hayne) na camada híbrida Histomorphometric evaluation of the effect of a copaiba oil-based (Copaifera multijuga Hayne) dentin biomodifier on the hybrid layer

This study evaluated dentin surface and hybrid layer’s morphology, using copaíba (CO) emulsion as dentin biomodifier before traditional and self-etching adhesive, by environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM). Ninety-six third sound molars were divided into 16 groups, according to the dentin substrate, tested substances, and the adhesive system used. The conditioned dentin surface treated with clorexidina (CHX) 2% showed phosphate salts on two dentin substrates as well as the sound conditioned or not surface treated with calcium hydroxide solution (CHS), where the mineral precipitate deposition obstructs the tubules lumen. A significant difference (p <0.0001) in dentin surface morphology was observed at the CHS group on conditioned and not conditioned sound dentin. The CO emulsion produced a regular and homogenous hybrid layer with many resin tags on both dentin surfaces, irrespective of the adhesive system used, with better performance than CHS and CHX 2% (p =0.0007) on caries-affected dentin at the self-etching group. CO emulsion showed no morphological changes on sound and caries-affected dentin and presented a regular hybrid layer, regardless of the adhesive system used. Keywords: Copaiba oleoresin; Emulsions; Dentin-bonding agents; Phytotherapy.

Objetivos: Avaliar in vitro a atividade antibacteriana de um biomodificador dentinário à base do óleo de copaíba. Metodologia: O teste de atividade antibacteriana foi realizado no período de 12 meses, onde a emulsão foi armazenada em diferentes ambientes e analisada em 0, 3 e 12 meses. Para tanto, foram utilizados os micro-organismos Streptococcus mutans e Lactobacillus paracasei. O controle positivo foi o digluconato de clorexidina a 2% e o controle negativo os veículos da emulsão: água destilada, diazolidinil uréa a 0,5% e polisorbato 80 a 1%. Foram utilizadas microplacas de 96 orifícios, de forma que cada poço possuísse um volume final de 100 µL. Na microplaca, as colunas foram distribuídas nos números de 1 a 12 e as linhas nas letras “A” até “G”. Nos poços, a emulsão foi distribuída nas diferentes concentrações, além do controle negativo e do controle positivo. Resultados: A emulsão apresentou atividade bactericida ou bacteriostática frente a todos os microrganismos testados em todas as concentrações para os microrganismos S. mutans e L. paracasei no tempo zero. Após 12 meses, a formulação da emulsão à base do óleo de copaíba permaneceu exercendo atividade bactericida e bacteriostática nas concentrações 26,66 μL/mL e 15 μL/mL, respectivamente, frente ao microrganismo S. mutans. O ambiente geladeira apresentou-se com atividade bacteriostática, enquanto o ambiente ar condicionado mostrou-se com atividade bactericida frente ao S. mutans no período de 12 meses. Conclusão: O biomodificador apresentou atividade bactericida e/ou bacteriostática em diferentes ambientes por 12 meses, podendo ser armazenada em geladeira.

This study aimed to evaluate in vitro the pharmacological stability of the dentin biomodifiers emulsions based on copaiba oil X, at 0, 3, 6, 9, 12, 18, and 24 months, and copaiba oil Y, at 0, 6, and 12 months. The emulsions were stored in different environments and analyzed through centrifugation, pH, and density tests, as well as their organoleptic and microbiological characters were investigated. Emulsion X did not show phase separation at 0 and 6 months in the freezer and fridge and showed cleavage in all environments after 12 months. The Y emulsion did not exhibit phase separation at 0 and 6 months in the stove, fridge, room temperature protected, and exposed to light. Still, after 18 and 24 months, phase separation occurred in all analyzed environments. The emulsions X and Y did not show contamination at 12 months. In the organoleptic test, the main change observed was color. The emulsion X presented the slightest deviation of pH in the room temperature protected from light, air conditioning, and fridge while the Y emulsion at 6 months presented a smaller variation in the freezer and fridge, and at 12 months, freezer, stove, and air conditioning. Regarding density, emulsion X at 24 months showed a very slight deviation, and emulsion Y remained stable in all environments at 12 months. The emulsions tested showed stability for 12 months, with the best storage environment being the fridge. The analysis at 18 and 24 months reinforced the fridge as an ideal environment for storage.