Herein, we report the synthesis of a self-assembled flowerlike CuCo 2 O 4 material by the oxalate decomposition method. The crystalline structure and morphology of the material have been analyzed by powder X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, field-emission scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and energydispersive X-ray measurement techniques. The self-assembled flower-like CuCo 2 O 4 material showed remarkable catalytic activity in the direct aerobic oxidative azo coupling of anilines under oxidant and other additive-free reaction conditions. The mechanistic insight of CuCo 2 O 4 in the oxidative azo coupling reaction has been established by density functional theory calculations, which disclosed that the absorption and dissociation of areal oxygen preferentially take place at the Cu site and dissociation of aniline takes place at the Co site. Thus, the Cu and Co sites of CuCo 2 O 4 exert a cooperative effect on the direct oxidative azo coupling reactions through the selective activation of anilines and aerobic oxygen. The CuCo 2 O 4 material was recovered from the reaction mixture and reused for at least eight runs without appreciable loss of catalytic activity.
:The literature survey reveals that the individual coumarin and heterocyclic molecules have biological and pharmaceutical activities. Moreover, integrated coumarin-fused heterocylics have shown interesting biological and physiochemical properties and thus, designing and development of coumarin-fused heterocyclic molecules are of great interest in the
field of synthetic organic chemistry. A number of coumarin-fused heterocyclic molecules have been synthesized by using
different strategies such as multi-step method, one-pot multi-component protocol, coupling and condensation method etc.
The wide applications of integrated coumarin-fused heterocyclic molecules stimulated interest among researchers to develop
different methodologies for the synthesis of novel fused molecules. As a consequence, several research articles, papers and
review articles have been published in the literature. In this review article, we have presented various methods for the synthesis of different class of coumarin-fused heterocyclic molecules and their applications in chemical, optical, pharmaceutical
and other useful applications.
Here, we have demonstrated visible LED light promoted synthesis of poly functionalized imidazole derivatives by the four component condensation of 1,2-diphenyl 1,2-diketone, aromatic aldehydes and ammonium acetate and /or amines...
Chemically activated graphitic mesoporous carbon was synthesized from rice husk biomass and subsequently immobilized with palladium nanoparticles (Pd NPs). The physiochemical characteristics like composition, morphology, structure and textural properties of the rice husk derived activated carbon supported Pd NPs (nano‐Pd@RAGC) were analyzed by various analytical and spectroscopic techniques. Finally, the applications of hybrid nano‐Pd@RAGC material were investigated in useful carbon‐carbon bond forming reactions via Mizoroki‐Heck/Suzuki/Sonogashira cross‐coupling reactions under ligand‐free, microwave conditions. The RAGC provides excellent stability to Pd NPs in cross coupling reactions. The catalyst was recovered simply by filtration and recycled for at least ten times.
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