Exploring fertility preferences in relation to contraceptive use can increase the understanding of future reproductive behaviour and unmet family planning needs. This knowledge can help assist women in meeting their reproductive goals. The influences on the desire for more children and current contraceptive use were examined among 1528 married women of reproductive age in an isolated community in Bali, Indonesia, using multivariate logistic regression analysis. Women who were younger, had fewer living children, had given birth in the past year and had regular access to health services were more likely to desire children. Being older, having fewer living children, not having regular access to health services, having given birth in the past year and having the desire for more children were associated with a lower likelihood of using contraception. Women with regular access to health care are more likely to desire more children, probably because they are confident in their ability to have successful birth outcomes. However, specialized clinics or family planning outreach workers may be required to reduce barriers to service utilization among some groups. The findings of this study identify key target populations for family planning, including older women and postpartum women--groups that may not perceive themselves to be at risk for unintended pregnancy. Meeting unmet need for family planning among these groups could help women meet their fertility goals, as well as reduce maternal morbidity and mortality.

Hipertensi merupakan penyakit yang sering ditemukan di Indonesia. Seseorang itu dikatakan menderita hipertensi apabila tekanan darah sistolik >140 mmHg dan tekanan diastolik >90 mmHg. Pada penderita hipertensi harus menjalani terapi dengan minum obat untuk mengontrol tekanan darah agar tidak tercetus komplikasi dari penyakit hipertensi. Dari data yang terdapat di Puskesmas Kintamani I masih terdapat banyak warga di wilayah Kintamani yang menderita hipertensi. Kepatuhan dalam menjalani pengobatan hipertensi sangat penting agar gejala hipertensi dapat dikontrol. Adapun beberapa faktor yang dapat mempengaruhi kepatuhan pasien minum obat seperti tingkat pengetahuan, pendidikan, dan demografi. Tujuan penelitian ini dilaksanakan agar dapat melihat gambaran kepatuhan minum obat hipertensi pada penderita hipertensi di wilayah Kintamani I.Penelitian ini adalah deskriptif cross-sectional. Responden yang menjadi subjek penelitian ini merupakan penduduk yang menderita hipertensi di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Kintamani I. Pengambilan data dilakukan pada tanggal 22 - 29 Mei 2015. Teknik sampling yang digunakan merupakan teknik simple random sampling dengan jumlah sample sebanyak 50 orang.Hasil penelitian ini secara umum menunjukkan sebanyak 30% pasien mempunyai kepatuhan tinggi terhadap minum obat hipertensi sedangkan sisanya sebesar 70% pasien mempunyai kepatuhan rendah. Untuk mendukung angka keberhasilan pengobatan hipertensi dapat dilakukan dengan adanya penyuluhan penyakit hipertensi sehingga kepatuhan minum obat penderita hipertensi dapat meningkat.

Aging is a physiological process that occurs in all living creatures. Swissoats A3® is an anti-aging supplement that contains phytoestrogens. This study was aimed to prove that Swiss oats A3® supplementation could increase estrogen levels in menopausal female Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus). This was an experimental study with a completely randomized pretest-posttest control group design. Subjects were 20 menopausal female rats (Rattus norvegicus), Wistar strain, healthy, aged 15-16 months, weighing 200 g, divided into 2 groups: the control group (P0), treated with distilled water for 21 days and the treatment group (P1), treated with Swissoats A3® of 34.2 mg/rat/day for 21 days. Before and after 21 days of treatment, 1 ml venous blood was drawn through the medial canthus of orbital sinus using microcapillary tube and the estrogen levels were meassured by using indirect ELISA method. The results showed that before treatment, the mean estrogen level in P0 group was 14.96±2.0468 pg/ml and in P1 group was 14.21±2.3905 pg/ml (P > 0.05). Meanwhile, after 21-day treatment, the mean estrogen level in P0 group was 15.07±1.8851 pg/ml, whereas in P1 group was 28.33±3.2052 pg/ml (P < 0.01). The analysis showed that the Swissoats A3® could elevate the estrogen levels significantly (P < 0.01) in group P1 (2.3905±14.21 vs 28.33±3.205). Conclusion: Swissoats A3® supplementation could increase the estrogen levels in menopausal female Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus).Keywords: Swiss oats A3®, estrogen, female Wistar rats, menopauseAbstrak: Penuaan (aging) merupakan suatu proses fisiologik yang dialami oleh seluruh mahluk hidup. Swissoats A3® merupakan suplemen anti-aging yang mengandung fitoestrogen. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membuktikan bahwa pemberian suplemen Swissoats A3® dapat meningkatkan kadar estrogen pada tikus (Rattus norvegicus) betina menopause galur Wistar. Jenis penelitian ialah eksperimental dengan randomized pretest-posttest control group design. Subjek penelitian ialah 20 ekor tikus putih betina (Rattus norvegicus) galur Wistar, sehat, menopause, umur 15-16 bulan, berat badan 200 gr. Tikus dibagi menjadi 2 kelompok yaitu kelompok kontrol (P0) yang diberikan aquadest secara sonde selama 21 hari dan kelompok perlakuan yang diberikan suplemen Swissoats A3® dosis 34,2mg/ekor/hari secara sonde selama 21 hari. Sebelum dan sesudah 21 hari perlakuan, darah vena diambil melalui medial canthus sinus orbitalis sekitar 1 ml dengan menggunakan tabung mikrokapiler dan dilakukan pemeriksaan kadar estrogen menggunakan metode indirect ELISA. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sebelum perlakuan, rerata kadar estrogen kelompok P0 14,96±2,0468 pg/ml dan kelompok P1 14,21±2,3905 pg/ml (P > 0,05). Setelah perlakuan selama 21 hari, rerata kadar estrogen kelompok P0 15,07±1,8851 pg/ml dan kelompok P1 28,33±3,2052 pg/ml (P < 0,01). Analisis efek perlakuan menunjukkan terjadinya peningkatan kadar hormon estrogen yang sangat bermakna (P < 0,01) pada kelompok P1 (14,21±2,3905 vs 28,33±3,205). Simpulan: Swissoats A3® dapat meningkatkan kadar estrogen pada tikus (Rattus norvegicus) betina menopause galur wistar.Kata kunci: Swissoats A3®, estrogen, tikus wistar betina, menopause

Background: Ultraviolet B rays from sunlight causes increased levels of matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1). Superoxide dismutase (SOD) also will decrease to counteract these free radicals. Sugar apple (Annona squamosa L.) leaf extract showed significant antioxidant and anti-collagenase activity in vitro. Methods: This is a posttest only control group design study. Thirty male white Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus), 12 weeks old, 150-200 grams were divided into five groups, 1 group without UVB exposure and without cream, and 4 groups was exposed to UVB 3 times a week and by giving cream 2 times a day for 2 weeks, 20 minutes before exposure and 4 hours after exposure. Rats were fixated in a box. The UVB dose was 65 mJ/cm2 for 65 seconds, with total 390 mJ/cm2. Skin samples were tested using ELISA method. Results: Negative control (P1) compared to Sugar apple (Annona squamosa L.) leaf extract cream 1%. (P2), 3% (P3), and 5% (P4) concentration for SOD levels were 2.3015 ± 0.32501 vs. 2.7817 ± 0.26899 vs. 4.7752 ± 0.65218 vs. 6.0890 ± 0.63946, respectively and for MMP-1 levels were 3.0753 ± 0.51113 vs. 2.3037 ± 0.15556 vs. 1.5840 ± 0.25473 vs. 0.9198 ± 0.16604, p < 0.001), respectively. Conclusion: Sugar apple (Annona squamosa L.) leaf extract cream 3% and 5% can increase SOD levels and 1%, 3%, and 5% can reduce MMP-1 levels in the skin of male Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus) exposed to UVB light. Concentration 3% is the most effective. Keywords: sugar apple leaf extract, SOD, MMP-1, ultraviolet B rays

Background: Tinnitus is the perception of sound heard by a person in the absence of an external stimulus. About 10-14.5% of the world's population experience tinnitus, with the most common age group being 40-60 years. As many as 10-12 million people in the United States suffer from severe tinnitus and feel disturbed enough to seek treatment. The management of tinnitus is still a challenge for researchers. Existing therapies include counseling, cognitive therapy, hearing aids, and tinnitus retraining, but until now, there has been no significant therapy. The last therapy that is available is to make artificial sounds that imitate the sound of tinnitus so that it can mask the actual tinnitus sound. In addition, therapy using music is expected to reduce the stress level of tinnitus patients. Methods: This research is action research, a follow-up study from previous research, with consecutive sampling and in accordance with the inclusion and exclusion criteria. After getting the frequency and amplitude of tinnitus, a sound stimulus is made in the form of combining tone variations and sound generators obtained from audiometric masking. Tone variations are made using a basic tone that matches the patient's tinnitus frequency. After that, the patient will assess the results of the merger. Results: The results showed the frequency and amplitude of tinnitus, suitability with masking, type of tinnitus, degree of deafness, and all participants were comfortable when listening to sound therapy from a sound generator. Discussion: The patient will use a tinnitus sound generator for 2 hours for 2 days, so the amplitude is safely limited to less than 91 dB. In this study, we set the tinnitus sound as closely as possible with the frequency, amplitude, tinnitus pulsating or not, appropriate music and paying attention to the hearing threshold.