The hematopoietic cell transplantation-specific comorbidity index (HCT-CI) score is a useful tool to assess the risk for nonrelapse mortality (NRM) after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Although the HCT-CI has been investigated in autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT), its use is limited. To improve on the current use of the HCT-CI score on the morbidity and mortality after ASCT, we assessed the 100-day morbidity defined as orotracheal intubation (OTI), dialysis or shock (vasopressors need), 100-day NRM, early composite morbidity-mortality (combined endpoint that included any previous endpoints), and long-term NRM. We retrospectively reviewed a cohort of 1730 records of adult patients who received an ASCT in Argentinean center's between October 2002 and August 2016. Median follow-up was 1.15 years, and median age was 53 years. Diseases were multiple myeloma (48%), non-Hodgkin lymphoma (27%), and Hodgkin lymphoma (17%); 51% were in complete or partial remission; and 13% received ≥ 3 chemotherapy lines before transplant (heavily pretreated). Early NRM (100-day) was 2.7%, 5.4% required OTI, 4.5% required vasopressors, and 2.1% dialysis, with an early composite morbidity-mortality of 6.8%. Long-term (1 and 3 years) NRM was 4% and 5.2% and overall survival 89% and 77%, respectively. High-risk HCT-CI patients had a significant increase in 100-day NRM compared with intermediate and low risk (6.1% versus 3.4% versus 1.8%, respectively; P = .002), OTI (11% versus 6% versus 4%, P = .001), shock (8.7% versus 5.8% versus 3%, P = .001), early composite morbidity-mortality (13% versus 9 % versus 4.7%, P < .001), and long-term NRM (1 year, 7.7% versus 4% versus 3.3%; and 3 years, 10.8% versus 4% versus 4.8%, respectively; P = .002). After multivariate analysis these outcomes remained significant: early composite morbidity-mortality (odds ratio [95% confidence interval] compared with low risk: intermediate risk 2.1 [1.3 to 3.5] and high risk 3.3 [1.9 to 5.9]) and NRM (hazard ratio [95% confidence interval] compared with low risk: intermediate risk .97 [.8 to 2.4] and high risk 3.05 [1.3 to 4.5]). No significant impact was observed in overall survival. Other than comorbidities, significant impact was observed for heavily pretreated patients, age ≥ 55 years, non-Hodgkin lymphoma, and bendamustine-etoposide-citarabine-melphalan conditioning. We confirmed that the HCT-CI had a significant impact on NRM after ASCT, and these findings are mainly due to early toxicity express as 100-day NRM and the 3 main morbidity outcomes as well as the composite endpoint.
Introducción: La hemofilia adquirida es un trastorno de la hemostasia que se produce por la presencia de autoanticuerpos inhibidores dirigidos contra el factor VIII de la coagulación. Clínicamente se manifiesta por sangrados espontáneos principalmente en piel y tejidos blandos, y a diferencia de la hemofilia hereditaria, la presencia de hemartrosis es infrecuente. Si bien muchos casos son idiopáticos, se deben buscar causas secundarias ya que el tratamiento de las mismas es clave en el pronóstico de la enfermedad. Dentro de estas destacan la presencia de neoplasias, enfermedades autoinmunes, fármacos, embarazo y postparto. El tratamiento se basa en medidas hemostáticas y terapias que permitan erradicar el autoanticuerpo. Metodología: En el siguiente manuscrito describimos cuatro pacientes con hemofilia adquirida con diferentes etiologías, tratamientos y pronóstico. Resultados: Los cuatro pacientes presentaron resolución del sangrado tras el tratamiento específico. Conclusión: La hemofilia adquirida es un trastorno raro de la hemostasia que debe sospecharse en pacientes con hematomas extensos espontáneos sin coagulopatía previa. Si bien en muchos casos no se encuentra una etiología subyacente, deben buscarse causas secundarias ya que el tratamiento de las mismas es clave para la evolución del paciente.
Background. Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant Comorbidity Index (HCT.CI) score, described by Sorror, is a useful tool to assess the risk for Non Relapse Mortality (NRM) after Allogeneic HSCT. The impact of this score in Autologous HSCT is still to be confirmed. Aims. To determine the impact of HCT.Ci score in the morbidity and mortality after autologous HSCT, assessing the 100 day morbidity defined as orothraqueal intubation (OTI), dialysis or shock (defined as vasopressors need), 100 day mortality, early morbi-mortality (combined end-point by any of the previous end-point) and long term NRM. Materials and Methods. We retrospectively reviewed 1478 medical records of adult patients who received an autologous HSCT in our centre between October 2002 and April 2016. Median age was 49 years (range 16-74 years), 58% were male, prevalent diseases were Multiple Myeloma (48%), Non Hodgkin Lymphoma (27%) and Hodgkin Lymphoma (18%), 49% were in complete remission, 46% received one chemotherapy scheme before transplant, 41% two schemes and 12% three or more (heavily pre-treated). In respect to conditionings, melphalan was used in 48% of the cases, CBV in 25%, BEAM in 8% as well as BendaEAM. Seventy five percent received an infusion of stem cells CD34+≥3x10.6/kg. Regarding comorbidities, 58% had low risk (LR) HCT.CI (score 0), 32% intermediate risk (IR) (1-2) and 11% high risk (HR) (≥3). For univariate analysis we use Chi2 for dichotomic variables, Kaplan-Meier for Overall Survival (OS) and cumulative incidence for NRM; for multivariate analysis we used logistic regression for dichotomic and Cox regression for time dependant variables. Results. Median follow up was 1.9 years. Early mortality (day 100) was 2.8%, 5.6% required OTI, 4.8% required vassopresors and 2.2% dialysis, 1-3 years NRM and OS were 4.3-5.2% and 89-77% respectively. High risk HCT.Ci patients had a significant increase in 100 day mortality compared to IR and LR (7% vs.3% vs. 2% respectively, p=0.002), OTI (12% vs. 7% vs. 4%, p<0.001), dialysis (4.5% vs.2.6% vs. 1.5%, p=0.04), shock (10% vs.6.4% vs. 3%, p<0.001), early morbi-mortality (15% vs.9 % vs. 4.6%, p<0.001) and NRM (1-3 years 9.2-13% vs. 3.8-3.8% vs. 3.5-4.5%, p<0.001) (figure 1). After multivariate analysis these outcomes remain significant (showed as OR with 95% CI, IR and HR compared to LR): early mortality (1.8, 0.8-4.2 and 3.9, 1.6-9.7, p=0.003), OTI (2.1, 1.2-3.7, p<0.01 and 3.9, 2.0-7.5, p<0.001), dialysis (2.2, 0.8-5.5 and 4.1, 1.4-11.7, p<0.01), shock (2.7, 1.4-4.9, p=0.001 and 4.4, 2.1-8.9, p<0.001), early morbi-mortality (2.4, 1.4-4.0, p=0.001 and 4.2, 2.3-7.6, p<0.001) and NRM (1.3, 0.7-2.4 and 3.0, 1.5-5.7, p=0.001) (table 1). No significant impact was observed in OS. Other than comorbidities, significant impact was observed in early mortality (pre-transplant status, heavily pre-treated patients and BendaEAM conditioning), OTI (NHL, heavily pre-treated patients, BendaEAM conditioning), dialysis (pre-transplant status and BendaEAM conditioning), shock (NHL, heavily pre-treated patients and BendaEAM conditioning), morbi-mortality (NHL and BendaEAM conditioning) and NRM (male patients, NHL, pre-transplant status, heavily pre-treated patients and BendaEAM conditioning). Conclusions. We observed that HCT.CI had a significant impact on Autologous HSCT treatment related mortality basically due to early toxicity express as 100 day mortality and the three main morbidity outcomes as well as the combined end point. This observation should be confirmed in larger series. Figure 1 Figure 1. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Introducción: el objetivo de tratamiento de primera línea en los pacientes con MM candidatos a trasplante hematopoyético autólogo (TCPH) es lograr la mayor profundidad de respuesta posible, lo que ha permitido prolongar las sobrevidas en este grupo de pacientes (pts). Se disponen de diferentes esquemas de inducción previos al TCPH.Actualmente, el esquema RVd es una de las primeras opciones recomendadas por diferentes guías de tratamiento. No existen datos publicados sobre la eficacia y seguridad sobre RVd como esquema de inducción en Latinoamérica en estudios de evidencia de vida real.Objetivos: nuestro objetivo primario fue describir la eficacia de RVd como inducción previo al TCPH.Además se evaluaron toxicidades relacionadas al tratamiento, sobrevida libre de progresión (SLP) y sobrevida global (SG).Material y métodos: estudio retrospectivo, multicéntrico de 13 centros pertenecientes al GAMM.Se incluyeron pts adultos con MM de reciente diagnóstico candidatos a TCPH tratados con RVd entre abril de 2016 a abril de 2021. Se analizaron las tasas de respuestas según los criterios IMWG-2016 y las toxicidades de acuerdo al CTCAE V4.3.Resultados: se incluyeron 110 pts con una mediana de edad de 58 años (rango 29-71) con 50% de sujetos femeninos y una mediana de seguimiento de 17 meses. 29 pts (27%) presentaron R-ISS 3, 21 pts (19%) alto riesgo citogenético y 11 pts (10%) enfermedad extramedular. La mediana de número de ciclos de RVd recibidos fue 6 (rango 2-10). 15 pts (14%) requirieron plerixafor previo a la recolección de células madres y 14 pts (13%) fallaron a la movilización inicial. La mediana de células CD34+ por kg fue de 4.6 x 106 (RIC 3.21-6.14). Las tasas de respuesta previa al TCPH fueron: 97% de respuesta global (RG), 77% muy buena respuesta parcial (MBRP) o mayor y 40% de respuesta completa (RC). La tasa de RC fue similar entre los pacientes de alto riesgo citogenético vs. riesgo estándar (p:0,39). Las tasas de respuesta post TCPH fueron: 99% RG, 93% MBRP o mayor y 75% de RC. Los eventos adversos de cualquier grado más frecuentes fueron: hematológicos (42%), infecciosos (39%), gastrointestinales (29%) y neuropatía periférica (23%). La SLP a 24 meses fue del 88% para toda la cohorte (IC95% 75-94). En aquellos pts que alcanzaron RC previa al TCPH, la SLP a 24 meses fue del 100% vs 80% en el resto (p: 0.005). La SG a 24 meses es de 95% (IC95% 87-98).Conclusiones: en nuestra cohorte fuera de un ensayo clínico, RVd resultó ser un esquema eficaz con perfil de seguridad adecuado. El TCPH profundizó aún más las tasas de respuesta. Ésta es la primera experiencia sobre el uso de RVd como inducción previa al TCPH en Latinoamérica. Objetivos: nuestro objetivo primario fue describir la eficacia de RVd como inducción previo al TCPH. Además se evaluaron toxicidades relacionadas al tratamiento, supervivencia libre de progresión (SLP) y supervivencia global (SG). Material y métodos: estudio retrospectivo, multicéntrico de 13 centros pertenecientes al GAMM. Se incluyeron pts adultos con MM de reciente diagnóstico candidatos a TCPH tratados con RVd entre abril de 2016 a abril de 2021. Se analizaron las tasas de respuestas según los criterios IMWG-2016 y las toxicidades de acuerdo al CTCAE V4.3. Resultados: se incluyeron 110 pts con una mediana de edad de 58 años (rango 29-71) con 50% de sujetos femeninos y una mediana de seguimiento de 17 meses. 29 pts (27%) presentaron R-ISS 3, 21 pts (19%) alto riesgo citogenético y 11 pts (10%) enfermedad extramedular. La mediana de número de ciclos de RVd recibidos fue 6 (rango 2-10). 15 pts (14%) requirieron plerixafor previo a recolección de células madres y 14 pts (13%) fallaron a movilización inicial. La mediana de células CD34+ por kg fue de 4.6 x106 (RIC 3.21-6.14). Las tasas de respuesta previo al TCPH fueron: 97 % de respuesta global (RG), 77% muy buena respuesta parcial (MBRP) o mayor y 40% de respuesta completa (RC). La tasa de RC fue similar entre los pacientes de alto riesgo citogenético vs. riesgo estándar (p:0,39). Las tasas de respuesta post TCPH fueron: 99% RG, 93% MBRP o mayor y 75% de RC. Los eventos adversos de cualquier grado más frecuentes fueron: hematológicos (42%), infecciosos (39%), gastrointestinales (29%) y neuropatía periférica (23%). La SLP a 24 meses fue del 88% para toda la cohorte (IC95% 75-94). En aquellos pts que alcanzaron RC previo al TCPH, la SLP a 24 meses fue del 100% vs 80% en el resto (p: 0.005). La SG a 24 meses es de 95% (IC95% 87-98). Conclusiones: En nuestra cohorte fuera de un ensayo clínico, RVd resultó ser es un esquema eficaz con adecuado perfil de seguridad. El TCPH profundizó aún más las tasas de respuesta. Esta es la primera experiencia sobre el uso de RVd como inducción previa al TCPH en Latinoamérica.
Materials and Methods We retrospectively reviewed 137 medical records of patients older than 50 years receiving an allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) in 9 centers from Argentina. We evaluated the following characteristics: sex, age, diagnosis, stage, comorbidities (according to the HCT-CI score), type of donor, histocompatibility, source, conditioning and immunosupression. We analyzed the incidence and severity of acute Graft-vs-Host disease (aGVHD) with Chi Square, Overall Survival (OS) and Disease Free Survival (DFS) with Kaplan Meier and Relapse, Non Relapse Mortality y chronic GVHD (cGVHD) with CI. For multivariate analysis (MA) we included variables that in univariate had a p<0.2, used Cox regression model for time dependant outcomes and logistic regression for dichotomic variables, considering significant a p<0.05. Results Patients characteristics are listed in table 1. Between January 1997 and July 2013, 137 transplants were performed in adults older than 50 years, with a median follow up 1.3 years. Acute GVHD incidence was 41% (19% were grade II and 7.3% III-IV). The only variable associated with aGVH clinically significant (G II-IV) was AML that was protective (14% vs 35%, p<0.01; significant in MA, HR 0.29; 95% CI 0.12-0.72). Chronic GVHD incidence was 25%, extensive in 9.4% and the only risk factor for this outcome was MPN (1-3 years 40%-NA vs 12-20%, p=<0.01). Global OS 1 and 3 years was 44 and 20%, DFS was 33 and 20%, Relapse was 35 and 41% and NRM was 36 and 43% respectively. Co-morbid patients showed a significant increase in NRM (HCT.CI 0 vs 1 vs ≥2, 1-3 years 17-24%, 40-46% and 45-67%, p=0.01; significant in MA, for HCT.CI 0 vs ≥1, HR 2.4, 95% CI 1.12-5.25), as well as male patients (1-3 years 36-47% vs 23-27%, p=0.03), MPN (1-3 years 43-65% vs 29.34%, p=0.01) and Cyclosporine based immunosuppressant regimen (CSA) vs tacrolimus (1-3 years 47-53% vs 25-36%, p=0.01). AML patients experienced a higher relapse rate (1-3 years 50-50% vs 28-32%, p<0.01) as well as Fludarabine-Busulfan conditioning (1-3 years 45-48% vs 31-32%, p=0.02). Finally patients without comorbidities (HCT.CI 0 vs ≥1) had higher OS (1-3 years 54-30% vs 36-16%, p=0.03) and DFS (1-3 years 43-31% vs 30-15%, p=0.05) as well as tacrolimus vs CSA base regimen that had higher OS (1-3 years 49-25% vs 31-13%, p=0.01) and DFS (1-3 year 41-26% vs 20-11%, p<0.01; significant in MA, HR 0.56, 95% CI 0.33-0.98). Age (older than 60 vs younger), type of donor, use of myeloablative conditioning regimen and source did not showed any significant difference in the outcome analyzed. Conclusion HSCT is a valid therapeutic option for older patients. In this retrospective analysis of patients older than 50 years, we found that the main risk factors that impact in transplant outcome are patients comorbidities and not age, whereas transplant related toxicities increase with the number of comorbidities and therefore decrease OS and DFS. Beyond the fact that certain disease experienced more aGHVD (AML) or cGVHD and higher NRL (MPN) the other factor significantly related in transplant outcome was the use of tacrolimus vs CSA. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
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