Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), the most common form of chronic liver disease, is increased worldwide in parallel with the obesity epidemic. Our previous studies have showed that the extract of I. hainanensis (EIH) can prevent NAFLD in rat fed with high-fat diet. In this work, we aimed to find biomarkers of NAFLD and investigate the therapeutic effects of EIH. NAFLD model was induced in male Sprague-Dawley rats by high-fat diet. The NAFLD rats were administered EIH orally (250 mg/kg) for two weeks. After the experimental period, samples of 24 h urine were collected and analyzed by ultraperformance liquid chromatography/quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF). Orthogonal partial least squares analysis (OPLSs) models were built to find biomarkers of NAFLD and investigate the therapeutic effects of EIH. 22 metabolites, which are distributed in several metabolic pathways, were identified as potential biomarkers of NAFLD. Taking these biomarkers as screening indexes, EIH could reverse the pathological process of NAFLD through regulating the disturbed pathway of metabolism. The metabolomic results not only supply a systematic view of the development and progression of NAFLD but also provide a theoretical basis for the prevention or treatment of NAFLD.

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The structural and electronic properties of cage compound 6,8,10, were studied by density functional theory to explore the influence of substituents on electron delocalization and hydrostatic compression effects. Results indicate N-NO 2 bonds experience more marked weakening effect than that of C-C bonds and the cleavage of C-NO 2 bond may trigger the initiation decomposition in gas TNE-CL-20. In the case of TNE-CL-20 crystal, the increasing pressure leads to the drop in hardness of a-and b-directions are obviously than in cdirection. The detailed analysis of band structure and density of states reveal that the interactions between electrons are strengthened under high pressure.[a] Dr.