A compact and robust fabric antenna incorporated with metamaterials (MTM) at 2.4 GHz is introduced for wearable devices application where the MTM behaves as EBG/AMC. The benefit of introducing MTM in a wearable antenna is to diminish the influence of frequency detuning and reduces the backward radiation specifically when loaded on the human body. The overall size of the presented antenna incorporated with MTM is 60 × 60 × 2.4 mm3. Furthermore, the integrated design has the capability of controlling Specific absorption rate (SAR) and improved the bandwidth, front‐to‐back ratio (FBR), and gain up to 14.5%, 13.7dB, and 7.5dBi, respectively. The operations under different bending diameters on real and modelled human body are studied. Compared with conventional antennas, MTM‐inspired antennas reduce the SAR to safe levels of more than 90%. The presented integrated design can be a good candidate for incorporation into a variety of flexible systems for medical application.
In this article, a biosensor composed of a single metamaterial asymmetric resonator is specifically designed for sensing the glucose level of 1 µL of solution. The resonator has two gaps, and one of them ends with a semicircle shape on which the glucose solution is placed. This design helps in confining the drops of glucose solutions in a specific area where the field is maximally confined in order to enhance the electromagnetic wave-matter interaction. Six samples of glucose solutions with concentrations that cover hypoglycemia, normal and hyperglycemia conditions that vary from around 41 to 312 mg/dL were prepared and examined by this biosensor. The resonance frequency redshift was used as a measure of the changes in the glucose level of the solutions. Without glucose solution, an excellent agreement between the measured and simulated transmission amplitude was observed. The increase in glucose concentrations exhibited clear and noticeable redshifts in the resonance frequency. This biosensor revealed a 0.9997 coefficient of determination, which implies an excellent prediction fitting model. More importantly, a sensitivity of 438 kHz/(mg/dL) was observed over the range of concentrations of the aqueous solution.
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