INTRODUCTION: Angiodysplasia is a rare lesion (0.82% prevalence) characterised by enlarged, abnormally dilated blood vessels in the mucous or submucous sheath of the gastrointestinal tract. This condition clinically manifests with acute or chronic bleeding from the gastrointestinal tract. Typically the diagnosis is based on endoscopic findings and histological characteristics of the distorted vascular structures. Angiodysplasia is quite a common finding in elderly patients. However, the reasons for the anomaly observed with advancing age are yet to be revealed. CASE REPORT: The aim of this report is to highlight three cases of intestinal angiodysplasia histologically confirmed in patients at 47, 60 and 66 years of age. Histological examination using light microscopy revealed different in size and shape dilated, filled with blood vessels surrounded by oedematous, inflamed stroma in the mucosal and submucosal layer of the intestine. CONCLUSION: Angiodysplasia is considered to be the second most common cause of gastrointestinal bleeding. This makes an adequate histologically confirmed diagnosis of this anomaly crucial for a patient's quality of life.
Pathophysiology is a medical science whose subject is the change in regulatory mechanisms related to the onset, development, and outcome of diseases. The first lectures on pathophysiology were held in 1790 at the University of Erfurt, Germany, by Professor Augustus Hecker, who in 1791 also published the first work on the discipline – "Grundriss der Physiologia pathologica" in 770 pages. The teaching of pathophysiology as an independent discipline was introduced by academician Viktor Pashutin at the University of Kazan, Russia in 1874. Academician Pashutin called this new discipline “Pathological Physiology and Experimental Medicine.” Despite the persuasiveness of Pashutin that pathological anatomy and pathophysiology are inseparable parts of a whole, his students, academician Nikolay Anichkov and Prof. Semyon Khalatov, implemented the so-called “divorce” due to the different, though complementary, approaches and methodologies of the two ideological fields. By Royal Decree on November 29, 1917, in the Bulgarian State Gazette, amendments were published in the law on the national education, which introduced new university “disciplines and departments”. Under number nine in the law is the discipline of “Pathological Physiology and Experimental Medicine”. Due to various factors, the Pathological Physiology and Experimental Medicine department was the only one of the first 25 departments not to be established. The beginning of the training for pathophysiology in Bulgaria was laid by Prof. Vassil Mollov and Assoc. Prof. Minko Dobrev, however due to their untimely deaths, the course lasted only three years (1936–1939) and was not continued in the next academic year. At the beginning of the academic year 1946/47, two assistants in pathophysiology were enrolled in the Department of Pathological Anatomy at Sofia University. The following year a separate department was formed at the newly founded Plovdiv University and shortly after at Sofia University. For the 100 years since its legislative establishment, 82 years since its unofficial start and 71 years since its academic establishment pathophysiology in Bulgaria has distinguished itself by scientific, administrative and clinical contributions. In its 57 years in Varna, Bulgaria pathophysiology has widely carried out that tradition with immense contributions.
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