According to Albert Bandura (1977, 1992, 1994, 1995), self-efficacy is «the belief in one's capabilities to organize and execute the courses of action required to manage prospective situations». A person's attitudes, abilities and cognitive skills comprise what is known as the self-system. This system plays a major role in how we perceive situations and how we behave in response to different situations. Self-efficacy is essential component of this self-system. In other words, self-efficacy is a person's belief in his or her ability to succeed in a particular situation. In the international literature, self-efficacy is an important topic among psychologists and educators. As Bandura and other researchers have demonstrated, self-efficacy can have an impact on behavior and motivation. To assess teacher self-efficacy, we applied the Teacher Self-Efficacy Scale by Tschannen-Moran & Woolfolk Hoy, 2001: for the Italian translation and adaptation we interviewed 200 teachers of primary and secondary schools * Questo articolo è il risultato del lavoro congiunto dei quattro autori. In particolare G. Domenici ha scritto il par. 1; N. Patrizi il par. 2; V. Biasi il par. 3; R. Capobianco il par. 5; il par. 4 è frutto della stesura a più mani dei quattro autori.
This contribution highlights the role of affectiveprocesses in multimedia learning conducted by e-learning platform used in the General Psychology online laboratory activities, based on semistructured self-evaluation tests following the model proposed by Domenici (2005). These tests include items with a closed- and open-ended structure requiring the student to answer within space restrictions and, in some cases, within context simulations. This enables scorers to give generally univocal and objective scores thereby assuring high test validity and reliability. The focus is on the psychological aspects of the online tutor’s role and its effects on learning levels. Students who completed the online laboratory activities through the semistructured self-evaluation tests (n=252) obtained an average score of 27.7 in the objective examination; students who did not complete the activities or who never even started them (n=186) obtained an average score of 25.7. These differences are statistically significant (F1, 449=38.05;P<0.001). The advantages of online learning are highlighted: developing an active attitude towards learning, enabling the individualisation of learning, and strengthening motivation with regard to knowledge, self-assertiveness, and sociality. This motivational activation reinforces convergent and divergent cognitive skills, owing to the semistructured tests, which facilitate knowledge and study method acquisition.
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