ObjectiveTo evaluate the relationship between oxidative stress and NGAL levels in blood and urine of amateur athletes after participating in a 100 km ultramarathon.MethodologyThe sample was composed of seven athletes, submitted to anthropometric assessment, cardiopulmonary exercise test, collection of urine and blood, measurement of body weight. The rate of perceived exertion (RPE), competition duration, heart rate (HR), energy expenditure and oxygen consumption (V’O2”) were also measured during the event. The energy consumption during the race was verified at its end. The analyses were based on the means (M) and respective standard deviations (SD), with statistical significance set at 5% (p < 0.05). Paired t-test was used for comparison between the periods before and after the competition, and Pearson’s correlation coefficient was used to measure the linear correlation between quantitative variables.ResultsBody mass index (BMI) of the sample was 25.75 kg/m2 ± 3.20, body fat percentage 18.54% ± 4.35% and V’O2”max 48.87% ± 4.78. Glucose, cortisol, and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) (p < 0.01) as well as glutathione peroxidase (GPx) active were higher after the race when compared to basal values. Moreover, lactate, creatinine, microalbuminuria, and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) (p < 0.001) were also higher after the race. After the competition, there was a significant correlation only between serum NGAL and creatinine, which was classified as strong and positive (r: 0.77; p < 0.05). There was a significant reduction (p < 0.05) of body weight after the event (72.40 kg ± 9.78) compared to before it (73.98 kg ± 10.25). In addition, we found an increase of RPE (p < 0.001) after the race. The competition lasted 820.60 min (±117.00), with a 127.85 bpm (±12.02) HR, a 2209.72 kcal ± 951.97 energy consumption, 7837.16 kcal ± 195.71 energy expenditure, and 28.78 ml/kg/min–1 (±4.66) relative V’O2”max.ConclusionThe lack of correlation between oxidative stress biomarkers and serum and urine NGAL suggests that NGAL is more sensitive to inflammatory processes than to ROS levels.
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Few studies have investigated the physiological alterations provoked by ultramarathon competition, particularly those related to redox balance, kidney function and NGAL regulation. A better understanding of the dynamics of these biomarkers during ultramarathons could be useful in the search of new biomarkers in the context of exercise physiology. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between oxidative stress and NGAL levels in blood and urine of amateur athletes before and after a 100-km ultramarathon. METHOD The sample was composed of seven athletes between the ages of 21 and 60 years, submitted to anthropometric evaluation, ergoespirometric testing, urine and blood sampling, biochemical and hormonal measurements, body weight measurement and subjective perception of effort (SPE)—–the perception was evaluated through a scale from 6 to 19 [1], along with verification of competition duration, besides the heart rate (HR), energy expenditure and oxygen consumption (VO2) during the event. The duration, the energy expenditure and the average HR of the competition were measured by a frequency meter (Polar, m200). The data provided was analyzed by the Polar Flow app platform. RESULTS The sample had an average BMI of 25.75 ± 3.20, a body fat percentage of 18.54% ± 4.35% and a VO2max of 48.87 ± 4.78. In the pre-competition period, no significant correlations (P > .05) were found between NGAL levels, in blood and urine and blood and urine biomarkers. In relation to the results obtained after competition, there were no significant correlations among of the NGAL levels and plasma biomarkers, except for the serum creatinine level (P < .05). The average duration of the competition (the average finishing time of the competitors) was 820.60 min (±117.00), during which the mean energy consumption was 2209.72 kcal (+951.97) and energy expenditure was 7837.16 kcal (+195.71), with an average HR of 127.85 (±12.02). CONCLUSION The data presented here did not support our initial hypothesis that the ultramarathon would cause oxidative stress and acute kidney injury. In addition, there was no significant correlation between oxidative stress biomarkers and NGAL in serum and urine, which suggests that NGAL is more sensitive to the inflammatory process than ROS levels.
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