Rhagionidae (Brachycera, Tabanomorpha) is a widespread family of the order Diptera, containing ca. 720 species in 22 genera and distributed worldwide. Chrysopilus Marquart is one of the most speciose genus of Rhagionidae. Here we describe Chrysopilus kafkai sp. nov. Cegolin & Santos, the first record of a rhagionid species from Serra da Bodoquena, in the Midwest Brazilian region, and includes an identification key and a distribution map to the Brazilian species of Chrysopilus. The species description is complemented by a molecular characterization of the 28S rRNA sequence.
The genera and species of worldwide wormlions (Diptera: Rhagionidae) are listed, with annotated references to nomenclature, synonymies and generic combinations, type localities, primary type depositories, distribution, and citations for the most recent revisions. The most diverse genera of the family are Vermileo Macquart, Vermipardus Stuckenberg and Lampromyia Macquart, with 13 described species each. The bulk of Vermileonidae diversity, with nearly half of the valid species, remains in the Afrotropical region.
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