Endophytic fungi are biodiverse and alternative source of bioactive compounds, due their different abilities of genetic expression and alteration of biosynthetic pathway when submitted to different culture conditions. The metabolic profile of three different crude extracts (A, B and C), obtained from the endophytic fungus Asordaria conoidea, were evaluated by HPLC and 1 H NMR. Antioxidant and allelochemical activity were also evaluated. OSMAC diversified the metabolic production, mainly in the solid culture, where the tyrosol, 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde, 2-phenylacetamide and vanillic acid were isolated. The structures of the compounds were elucidated mainly by NMR. Extracts had antioxidant potential, however, only Extract C showed allelochemical activity, as inhibition of 65.5% in growth. This study confirms the efficiency of the OSMAC platform in producing extracts of different properties and compounds. Herein the A. conoidea was isolated for the first time as an endophytic microorganism.
The objective of this study was to evaluate the transmissibility of F. verticillioides, in corn seeds, when inoculated in different phenological stages. The plants were inoculated with the pathogen at the following stages: V7, V9, R1, R2, R4, and R6. The experiments were conducted in pots, in a completely randomized design, with six replications. The fungus infection rate in the seeds was verified through the health test (Blotter Test). The significance of the contrast between the phenological stages and in the two experiments (rainy season and dry season), and productivity showed plant-seed transmission of F. verticillioides in all phenological stages. The PCR technique was able to reveal up to the lowest level, 1% incidence of F. verticillioides in corn seeds. There was a significant difference between the times of plant inoculation and the incidence of the fungus in the seeds. Plants inoculated in the reproductive phase transmitted F. verticillioides for seeds with the highest rate of infection, in the two experiments, in the rainy season (V7 - 48; V9 - 46; R1 - 77.33; R2 - 84; R4 - 96; R6 - 96.67; and Test - 14.67%), and dry season (V7 - 46.67; V9 - 66; R1 - 75.33; R2 - 95.33; R4 - 98; and R6 - 97.33%). In this way, the present work demonstrated that in the reproductive phenological stages R2, R4, and R6, the corn plant was more susceptible to infection with F. verticillioides, and that it also resulted in a decrease in grain productivity.
RESUMO:Esta pesquisa objetiva estudar a percepção e relações ambientais dos moradores que residem nas proximidades das margens do rio Taquari, com relação aos problemas ambientais e como tais problemas são observados e tratados pelos próprios moradores, compreendendo qual a importância que os moradores atribuem ao recurso hídrico, se há ou não interesse na sua conservação. Foram realizadas pesquisas de campo exploratória quantitativa e qualitativa. Para a captação dos dados usou-se como ferramenta de pesquisa um questionário. O rio no município é um importante recurso para a vida das comunidades biológicas locais, e infelizmente na área urbana pela aglomeração de pessoas há uma imensa degradação em suas margens, sua extensão no território urbano está bastante comprometida. A comunidade tem se preocupado com a situação atual do recurso natural, e o futuro das próximas gerações. A maioria não exercita a prática de conservação do meio ambiente por falta de conhecimento. Espera-se que o contato com a realidade deles, contribuirá para a reconstrução de conhecimentos, possibilitando a percepção de novos valores diante da relação ser humano/ambiente. Palavras-chave: Percepção, Conservação, Taquari. INTRODUÇÃOA sociedade atual tem observado a importância de um bom relacionamento do homem com o ambiente, a temática ambiental está se tornando um assunto comum e prioritário, contudo, a correta percepção não está evidente, pois, de um lado os homens afirmam que o ambiente é importante, que é necessário preservar os recursos naturais
The increasing number of sequenced genomes of fungi has revealed a large number of biosynthetic clusters of secondary metabolites that are still unknown, which reveals the real and vast biosynthetic capacity not yet explored and allows to understand new routes of synthesis, substances and biological properties in silenced genetic clusters. The objective of this work was to detect new natural products from the cultivation of microorganisms under different fermentation conditions using strategies as OSMAC. Three crude extracts (A, B and C) obtained from the endophytic fungus Diaporthe sp. isolated from Clitoria guianensis, were submitted to HPLC-DAD and 1H-NMR analyses. The analyzes showed differences in the production of secondary metabolites in the different culture media. Extract C led to a higher number of secondary metabolites. The crude extracts were submitted to antioxidant and allelochemical activity, the three crude extracts presented positive activity for both assays. Flavones, flavonols and xanthones were identified in all crude extracts, alkaloids in extracts A and C, and steroids and triterpenoids in extract C.
This study aimed to evaluate the effect of the NS1 protein from Influenza A virus in stablished insect cells lines from different hosts (BM5 cells from Bombyx mori, UFL-AG-286 cells from Anticarsia gemmatalis, IPLB-SF21cells from Spodoptera frugiperda and BTI-Tn-5B1-4 from Trichoplusia ni) and with different virus susceptibility by coinfection of these cells with a recombinant baculovirus (vAcNS1) derived from the Autographa californica multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus isolate L-1 (AcMNPV L-1) and wild-type baculoviruses (AcMNPV L-1, Anticarsia gemmatalis multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus, isolate AgMNPV-2D, and Bombyx mori nucleopolyhedrovirus isolate, BmNPV-I-01). Polyhedra inclusion bodies (PIB's) produced by wild type baculoviruses in coinfections with vAcNS1 was significantly reduced in all hosts insect cell lines tested. The production of budded virus was also decreased when the recombinant vAcNS1 was coinfected with all wild type baculoviruses. These results suggest that the NS1 protein expressed by vAcNS1 caused mostly adverse effects on the replication of baculoviruses in different cell lines.
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