ContentsThe interrelation of uterine culture with course of involution, resumption of cyclic ovarian activity and subsequent reproduction were studied. It was observed that in acute putrid (end0)metriti.s (APE) the A . pyogenes, E. coli and some Gram-negative (GN) anaerobes have more important role in the pathogenesis than other bacteria. The intrauterine A . pyogenes infection lasting for 4 to 5 weeks or longer (with or without simultaneous GN anaerobic infection) was the most detrimental on fertility, perhaps due to the increased rate of suspected embryonic death. If predictive information is required on the subsequent fertility, the isolation of A . pyogenes on the 5'h week after calving seems to be sufficient for monitoring the uterine condition. The APE was able to elongate the postpartum anovulatory period and increase the prevalence of anovulatory cysts.

The increasing prevalence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a significant threat to global health. More and more multi-drug-resistant bacterial strains cause life-threatening infections and the death of thousands of people each year. Beyond disease control animals are often given antibiotics for growth promotion or increased feed efficiency, which further increase the chance of the development of multi-resistant strains. After the consumption of unprocessed animal products, these strains may meet the human bacteriota. Among the foodborne and the human populations, antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) may be shared by horizontal gene transfer. This study aims to test the presence of antimicrobial resistance genes in milk metagenome, investigate their genetic position and their linkage to mobile genetic elements. We have analyzed raw milk samples from public markets sold for human consumption. The milk samples contained genetic material from various bacterial species and the in-depth analysis uncovered the presence of several antimicrobial resistance genes. The samples contained complete ARGs influencing the effectiveness of acridine dye, cephalosporin, cephamycin, fluoroquinolone, penam, peptide antibiotics and tetracycline. One of the ARGs, PC1 beta-lactamase may also be a mobile element that facilitates the transfer of resistance genes to other bacteria, e.g. to the ones living in the human gut.

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global threat gaining more and more practical significance every year. The main determinants of AMR are the antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs). Since bacteria can share genetic components via horizontal gene transfer, even non-pathogenic bacteria may provide ARG to any pathogens which they become physically close to (e.g. in the human gut). In addition, fermented food naturally contains bacteria in high amounts. In this study, we examined the diversity of ARG content in various kefir and yoghurt samples (products, grains, bacterial strains) using a unified metagenomic approach. We found numerous ARGs of commonly used fermenting bacteria. Even with the strictest filter restrictions, we identified ARGs undermining the efficacy of aminocoumarins, aminoglycosides, carbapenems, cephalosporins, cephamycins, diaminopyrimidines, elfamycins, fluoroquinolones, fosfomycins, glycylcyclines, lincosamides, macrolides, monobactams, nitrofurans, nitroimidazoles, penams, penems, peptides, phenicols, rifamycins, tetracyclines and triclosan. In the case of gene lmrD, we detected genetic environment providing mobility of this ARG. Our findings support the theory that during the fermentation process, the ARG content of foods can grow due to bacterial multiplication. The results presented suggest that the starting culture strains of fermented foods should be monitored and selected in order to decrease the intake of ARGs via foods.

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Aims:  To investigate whether the use of a novel synthetic medium in conjunction with impedimetric technology could provide a rapid and automated detection of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in water samples. Methods and Results:  A selective synthetic medium (Z‐broth) in which the only carbon and nitrogen source is acetamide was applied in direct impedimetric examination for the selective isolation of P. aeruginosa. A total of 1036 tap‐water, well‐water, swimming‐pool water and dialysis water samples were investigated, and any P. aeruginosa contamination was detected in 7–24 h. Neither false‐negative nor false‐positive results were observed. Conclusions:  The results of the present evaluation demonstrate that impedance measurement with the use of Z‐broth is suitable for the rapid and automatic detection of P. aeruginosa in water. Significance and Impact of the Study:  The main advantages of the method: 240 samples can be examined in one step, the procedure is fully automated, the results are obtained quickly and the labour and media requirements are low.