O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar a resistência de 104 genótipos de feijoeiro comum, do Banco Ativo de Germoplasma do Instituto Agronômico de Campinas (BAG/IAC), a quatro raças fisiológicas de Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. Phaseoli em casa de vegetação para avaliação. Os sintomas da doença foram avaliadas nas plantas aos trinta dias após a inoculação, atribuindo-se notas que variavam de 0 (plantas sem sintomas) a 4 (plantas totalmente murchas e ou mortas). Plantas com notas médias de severidade até 2 foram consideradas resistentes e acima de 2, suscetíveis. Os resultados mostraram um total de 35 (33%) genótipos resistentes as quatro raças testadas, demonstrando um alto potencial de uso pelos programas de melhoramento genéticos para resistência a este patógeno.
An increase of plum industry has been evident in Italy since the 1990s. This growth was in both area planted and production and it has been especially evident in the South of Italy, where the environmental conditions favor the development of plum orchards, particularly those adopting Japanese cultivars. The Myrobalan seedling was the main rootstock historically used in the south of the country for plum orchards, on account of its strong vigor, hardiness, longevity and adaptability to a wide range of soil types. The introduction of new scion cultivars and new rootstocks has stimulated new studies on the main technical aspects related to plum cultivation, to evaluate the wide number of rootstock genotypes which are today available for the plum species. The Italian Ministry of Agriculture has sponsored a National project which aims to evaluate the most recent rootstocks licensed and available for European and Japanese plum cultivars. A series of experimental orchards have been established in different regions representative of the main Italian plum growing areas. This paper reports on the vegetative and qualitative traits observed both for European and Japanese plum cultivars, respectively, 'Stanley' and 'Shiro', grafted onto five rootstocks. INTRODUCTIONFor at least the last 30 years the plum industry in Italy has been based on the cultivation of indigenous germplasm cultivars/varieties. In fact, there is a wide range of plum germplasm concentrated particularly in the south of the country; this scion germplasm is characterized by some interesting fruit traits -aroma, taste, flavor -which although partially linked to the cultivation areas, are thought to present considerable qualitative and productive potential. For this reason, considering the importance of this germplasm, interest has been expressed in these local cultivars, prompting some research studies.Since the 1990s new cultivars have been introduced, and this has lead to the development of a plum industry mainly based on the cultivation of Japanese cultivars (Sansavini et al., 1996). During the same period, new rootstocks were introduced; these should be less variable in terms of vegetative growth and production than the diffused plum seedling and seedling-raised 'Myrobalan' used as traditional rootstocks.In just a few years clonal 'Myrobalan 29C' has been rapidly adopted becoming the chosen rootstock in almost the 80% of the new plum plantings. The increase of interest on this facet of plum cultivation inspired the Italian Ministry of Agriculture to sponsor a National rootstock evaluation project (Mezzetti and Sottile, 2007). This aims to evaluate the most recent rootstocks, which are licensed and available for use with European and Japanese plum cultivars, by adopting a national network of experimental orchards. Actually, the recent advances in rootstock breeding and licensing appear very limited and few new genotypes have been licensed specifically for plum (Nicotra and Moser, 1997).
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