A b s t r a c tVarieties intended for diverse use are modern priority in winter rye (Secale cereale L.) breeding. Composition and content of pentosans are indicators to diversify rye grain use. The aim of this work was estimation of variability in total arabinoxylans and soluble arabinoxylans in rye grain. Pentosans content was determined by high performance liquid chromatography in the HPLC-RI system (JASCO Deutschland GmbH, Germany), by chemical micro method with use of orcinchloride, and indirectly by determining the viscosity of water extract (VWE). As a result, the samples with low and high pentosan content were identified at the linear, population and hybrid level in domestic and foreign gene pools. It was shown that Russian population varieties and high-pentosan lines selected at Tatar Research Institute of Agriculture stood out due to high rates of general pentosan level and extracted viscosity. The relationship between VWE and the content of water-soluble pentosans in the studied quantitative limits with a high probability (95 %) has a rectilinear character. In low pentosans lines originated from Tatar Research Institute of Agriculture VWE amounted to 6.40-of 6.45 centistokes (sSt), in the domestic population varieties VWE ranged from 15.40 to 34.50 sSt, and in hybrid varieties from Germany VWE reached 47.50 sSt. So we have a gene pool sufficient for baking rye breeding. In high-pentosan forms, we found the high significant positive correlation between the total content of pentosans, viscosity of water extracts and water-soluble fraction. An indirect estimate of pentosans fraction through determination of the water extract viscosity of rye meal allows to start selection in the early steps of breeding and to analyze a large number of samples in a relatively short time. Further search is necessary to select donor lines with low total level of arabinoxylans and water-soluble fraction. It is difficult to phenotypically evaluate low-pentosans plants based on an indirect indicator of viscosity only. Low pentosan lines had a significant correlation between VWE and the water-soluble fraction (r = 0.745, Р = 0.05). Heritability of water extract viscosity of grain meal was rather high (H 2 = 0.71), and genotypic variation coefficient reached 32.53 %, indicating advisability of VWE improving by breeding techniques. Heritability index of water-soluble pentosan content was 0.50, and genotypic coefficient of variation was 13.02 %, so the impact of breeding on these indicators should be low. The presented genotypic variability parameters are applicable only to the genotypes used in our experiment. The smallest amounts of water-soluble pentosans in flour and meal were characteristic of the Russian varieties Marusenka, Ogonek, Chulpan 7. We revealed a low content of water-soluble fraction in the bran in variety Ogonek. To distinguish rye genotypes more precisely, it is necessary to develop effective tests which will allow to assess water absorption, viscosity and solubility of pentosans (high-molecular arabinoxylans) in ...
The purpose of the current work was to develop a highly productive winter rye variety for bakery with improved resistance to a complex of unfavorable factors and broad adaptability. The breeding work on the rye variety ‘Zilant’ was conducted in the Tatarsky Research Institute of Agriculture FRC of the Kazan Scientific Center of RAS in 2005–2015. The study of the variety in the Competitive Variety Testing was carried out in 2016–2019, in comparison with the standard varieties ‘Radon’ and ‘Tantana’. There has been presented a detailed characteristics of the variety ‘Zilant’ in terms of economically valuable indicators and adaptive potential according to grain productivity. The winter rye variety ‘Zilant’ formed the largest productivity on average for 4 years (50.2 hwt/ha) and produced high grain quality (229 s of a falling number and 647 u.a. of amylogram height, versus 224 s of a falling number and 625 u.a. of amylogram height of the standard variety ‘Radon’). The variety ‘Zilant’ has a dominant-monogenic type of short stems, strong short straw (on 14–13 cm lower than that of the standards). The variety possesses the same degree of field resistance to rust infections and ergot, resistance to powdery mildew as the standard variety ‘Radon’. There was determined that the rye variety ‘Zilant’, on average over the years of trials, was characterized by a significantly higher productivity (50.2 hwt/ ha, НСР05 = 1.5 c/ha) compared to the control, had a good combination of adaptability (bi = 1.149) and stability (Ϭd2 = 3.17). These advantages of the variety are provided by resistance to unfavorable environmental conditions, the formation of a denser cenosis, field resistance to diseases, and a short non-lodging stem. The rye variety ‘Zilant’ produced grain with high baking qualities, corresponding to the 1st class of standards for grain and flour. The variety was responsive to improving growing conditions, showed less response to stress factors and was adapted to a wide range of environmental conditions.
The aim of the study is to characterize winter triticale samples by protein content in grain and productivity, to identify sources of high protein content and high grain yield for use in breeding process. Experimental work was carried out in the conditions of Tatarstan Republic in 2013-2017. The collection of 93 varieties of winter triticale of Russian selection, obtained from the Federal Research Center “All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources"(VIR) was evaluated in field trials. Wide genetic diversity of the studied gene pool was demonstrated by grain protein content (11.69...16.15 %) and grain yield (277...579 g/m2). Protein content and grain yield were mostly determined by the growing conditions – the factor “year” (58.1 % and 61.8 %, respectively), with a relatively small share of the factor “genotype” (23.9 % and 15.4 %, respectively). Significant variation in the values of the studied indicators, both by genotype and by year, was observed. There were identified 19 sources of high protein content in grain (over 14.5 %) and 17 sources of high grain yield (over 510 g/m2), which showed a significant excess of the standard Bashkirskaya korotkostebelnaya. A group of samples with a relatively high protein content (13.8 ... 14.1 %) and yield higher than the average value (450...500 g/m2) was identified. The highest breeding value among the sources of high yield was shown by samples Zimogor, Kornet, Privada, Vodoley, 3/9 oh Ag 4418, and among the sources of high protein content – Kurskaya stepnaya, Mir, Student, Svyatozar. The listed variety samples additionally possessed a complex of positive features: high ear productivity, high full-scale weight and large grains. In varieties Dokuchaevsky 8 and Privada there was noted a favorable combination of significantly high levels of yield (542 and 527 g/m2, respectively) and protein content in the grain (14.28 and 13.93 %, respectively). The finding of a reliable moderate negative correlation (r = -0.682) between yield and grain protein content indicates that grain protein content can be increased by breeding methods at relatively high or medium yields of varieties.
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