This paper reports on an experimental study evaluating a window air conditioner's performance when R152a/R290/R600/R600a refrigerant mixture (by various mass percentages) is used as a possible alternative to R-22. Alternative refrigerants are local, cheap, and environmentally friendly. Unmodified R-22 window AC was charged with R152a/R290/R600/R600a. During the experiment, parameters such as coefficient of performance, refrigeration effect, pressure ratio, compressor discharge temperature, refrigerant mass flow rate, and compressor power are analyzed. The present work shows that R152a-15%/R290-15%/R600-35%/R600a-35% is the best-performing alternative refrigerant. Proposed blends and R22's performance were compared.
Today the world is running on engines. Internal combustion engines are used more than other type of engines because of their advantages. The use of these has been increasing day by day. But pollution caused by these engines is making them an environmental problem and the reason for this, is usage of fossil fuels which are rich in hydro carbons. The burning of these fuels will release unburnt hydro carbons because of incomplete combustion of fuel inside the engine cylinder. The performance of the engine is also affected because of this. Minimization of this incomplete combustion is done by pre heating of fuel. Pre-heating means heating the fuel before going in to the combustion chamber. The heat required for preheating is taken from exhaust gases by placing a heat exchanger at the preheating point. As the fuel temperature is increased, incomplete combustion of fuel is avoided. Therefore performance is increased and emission of polluting gases is also reduced. In order to evaluate the effect of pre heating tests were carried with and without preheating under constant speed of 1300 R.P.M and also at variable speed ranging from 1450 to 1600 R.P.M.
The main aim of this experiment is to reduce the concentration of NOx in the exhaust gas below 100ppm with the most effective technique named selective catalytic reduction (SCR) with ammonia over to evaluate the performance of honeycomb and plate type catalyst in NOx reduction by varying the performance parameters such as flue gas temperature, space velocity, NH3 /NO molar ratio, etc., and to find the optimum values of the above parameters under which we get the maximum efficiency of NOx conversion at which air is not polluted and we have the sustained and eco-friendly environment. The effect of various performance parameters on the SCR process is also evaluated and the optimum values of performance parameters are also found to get the maximum efficiency of NOx conversion. SCR performance is substantially under the effects of reactant (ammonia) concentration and operating temperature, so that the concentration of untreated ammonia emitted from reactor discharge (ammonia slip) increases significantly at NH3 /NO ratios of more than 1.14 and operating temperatures less than 360 ºC and 300 ºC, respectively, in the catalytic filter medium and honeycomb reactor. low level of ammonia slip can be achieved at the NH3 /NO ratio of 1 and temperature range of 300–350 ºC in both reactors.The temperature of SCR is varied between 300OC to 350OC ,with a fixed space velocity of exhaust gas and a fixed value of NH3/NO ratio of 1.
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