This study was designed to test the effects of intracerebroventricularly (i.c.v.) administered CDP-choline (cytidine-5'-diphosphate-choline; citicoline) and its metabolites in rat models of inflammatory and neuropathic pain. The i.c.v. administration of CDP-choline (0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 µmol) produced a dose and time-dependent reversal of mechanical hyperalgesia in both carrageenan-induced inflammatory and chronic constriction injury-induced neuropathic pain models in rats. The antihyperalgesic effect of CDP-choline was similar to that observed with an equimolar dose of choline (1 µmol). The CDP-choline-induced antihyperalgesic effect was prevented by central administration of the neuronal high-affinity choline uptake inhibitor hemicholinium-3 (1 µg), the nonselective nicotinic receptor antagonist mecamylamine (50 µg), the α7-selective nicotinic ACh receptor antagonist, α-bungarotoxin (2 µg) and the γ-aminobutyric acid B receptor antagonist CGP-35348 (20 µg). In contrast, i.c.v. pretreatment with the nonselective opioid receptor antagonist naloxone (10 µg) only prevented the CDP-choline-induced antihyperalgesic effect in the neuropathic pain model while the nonselective muscarinic receptor antagonist atropine (10 µg) did not alter the antihyperalgesic effect in the two models. These results indicate that CDP-choline-elicited antihyperalgesic effect in different models of pain occurs through mechanisms that seem to involve an interaction with supraspinal α7-selective nicotinic ACh receptors, and γ-aminobutyric acid B receptors, whereas central opioid receptors have a role only in the neuropathic pain model.
Effect of Sacchoromyces cerevisiae live yeast culture on growth performance, haematological and biochemical indices of rabbits was studied with 6-7 weeks old New Zealand white rabbits. Thirty male rabbits were divided equally into 3 groups; I.control group (basal diet), II.group (added S. cerevisiae, 2 g/kg diet) and III.group (added S. cerevisiae, 4 g/kg diet). Blood samples were obtained via ear venipuncture on the 85th day of feeding yeast of rabbits. No significant difference was observed in blood composition and growth performance by S. cerevisiae. Leukocyte, haematocrit and haemoglobin concentration slightly increased while serum cholesterol slightly decreased by S. cerevisiae (p>0.05). However, monocyte count (p<0.05) increased in groups fed 2 g/kg and 4g/kg S. cerevisiae. Yeast culture has a positive effect on immune system. Increased monocyte value by S. cerevisiae is beneficial in improving the immunity. On the other hand, other parameters of natural and induced immune system may be expressed to determine. So, more studies would be necessary to elucidate the effects of supplementing yeast on immunity and determine the optimum dietary concentration in animals.
Özet: Aglepriston son yıllarda küçük hayvan hekimliğinde abort indüksiyonları için başarıyla kullanılabilen bir progesteron reseptör antagonistidir. Yapılan klinik çalışmalarda ilacın hiçbir yan etkisinin olmadığı belirtilmişse de oksidatif stres üzerine etkisi hakkında bilgi bulunmamaktadır. Bu çalışmada tavşanlarda orta dönem gebeliklerin sonlandırılması için uygulanan aglepristonun, oksidatif stres parametreleri olan Malondialdehit (MDA), Süperoksit Dismutaz (SOD) ve redükte Glutatyon (GSH) üzerine etkisinin araştırılması amaçlandı. Çalışmada kullanılan 12 aylık yaşta 15 adet Yeni Zelanda Beyaz tavşanı kontrollü olarak çiftleştirildi ve çiftleştirildikleri gün gebeliklerinin 0. günü olarak kabul edildi. Gebe olan tavşanlar rastgele üç gruba ayrıldı. Grup I (kontrol) tavşanlarına gebeliğin 15. ve 16. gününde 1ml/3kg olacak şekilde % 0.9 NaCl, Grup II tavşanlarına gebeliğin 15. gününde, Grup III tavşanlarına ise gebeliğin 15. ve 16. gününde 10 mg/kg dozda subkutan (s.c.) olarak aglepristone (Alizin®) enjeksiyonu yapıldı. Tavşanlardan alınan kan örneklerinde MDA, SOD ve GSH ölçümleri yapıldı. Grup III de MDA seviyesinde artış saptandı. Bu artış Grup I (p<0.01) ve Grup II ye (p<0.05) göre anlamlı bir şekilde yüksek çıkmıştır. SOD aktivitesinde Grup II ve Grup III'de azalma saptanmıştır. Kontrol grubuna kıyasla SOD'daki bu düşüş istatistiki olarak anlamlı (p<0.01) bulunmuştur. GSH ise Grup I'e kıyasla diğer 2 grupta da azalmıştır. Grup III'ün GSH düzeyindeki bu düşüş Grup I (p<0.001) ve Grup II'ye (p<0.01) göre istatistiksel olarak anlamlıdır. Bu sonuçlar abort indüksiyo-nunda kullanılan aglepristonun çift enjeksiyon yapıldığında oksidatif stresi tetiklediği ve antioksidan enzim aktivitelerini değiştirdiğini düşündürmektedir. Anahtar Kelimeler: Aglepriston, Süperoksid dismutaz, Malondialdehit, Glutatyon, Tavşan. The Effects of Aglepristone on Some Oxidative Stress Parameters Used in Midgestation Terminations in RabbitsAbstract: Aglepristone is a safe and effective abortifacient, which is being widely used in small animal practice during the last years. Although no side effetcs have been reported in clinical studies, there is no information available about the effects of aglepristone on oxidative stress parameters. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of aglepristone treatment on oxidative stress parameters, which are Malondialdehyt (MDA), Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) ve reduced Glutathione (GSH), in mid-gestation termination in rabbits. Fifteen healthy New Zealand White rabbit, 12 months of age, were included the the study. They were given to fertile bucks and the mating day was recorded as the 0 day of pregnancy. The does were randomly divided into 1
In this study, we aimed to (1) propose landmarks for the hippocampus in a rat brain using an experimental study and (2) investigate hippocampus shape changes in a rat brain with epilepsy using the statistical shape analysis method. We have used the statistical shape analysis method to illustrate hippocampal shape deformation due to epilepsy. Statistical shape analysis is of increasing interest to the neuroimaging community because of its potential for locating morphological changes. Nineteen rat brains (ten healthy and nine epileptic) with hematoxylin and eosin images of the hippocampus were used. The results strongly indicated that the normalized hippocampal shape of the epileptic group was different from the nonepileptic group; deformation was seen most significantly in the medial regions of the cornu ammonis (CA1 and CA3) of the hippocampus. In conclusion, our landmark-based methodology detected regional differences in the hippocampus in epilepsy. This study may serve as an initial reference for future studies on shape alteration of the hippocampus associated with certain medical conditions.
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