We explored the long-term drought resilience of field-grown unirrigated (or dry-grown) grapevines of pre-clonal origin from shallow (SR) and deep (DR) soils representing low and high soil water availability, respectively, in a warm, Mediterranean climate. Despite lower soil moisture available to SR vines, both deep and shallow-rooted vines had similar vine water status, based on measurements of midday stem water potential (Ψs), and leaf net photosynthesis (An). Due to the lower stomatal conductance (gs), SR had higher intrinsic water use efficiency (WUEi) than DR, however the carbon isotope ratio (δ13C) of the fruit at harvest was similar between the two groups. Our observations suggest a degree of drought adaptation in the SR vines resulting from multi-decadal cyclical droughts. Overall, we demonstrate that pre-clonal Cabernet Sauvignon grapevines dry-grown in shallow soils have an enhanced resilience to drought compared to dry-grown vines in deep soils. This study has implications for selection of crop genetic material in a changing climate.
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