Pulmonary embolism (PE) is a common disorder with high mortality and usually results from deep vein thrombosis (DVT) of lower extremities. 1 Although they represent different aspects of the same process, PE and DVT are generally evaluated with different imaging methods. In current clinical practice, CT pulmonary angiography (CTPA) is used as the first line imaging modality in PE diagnosis, whereas Doppler ultrasonography is the initial modality in the diagnosis of DVT. 2-4 A single reliable test that can accurately assess both pulmonary and lower extremity vasculature and concretely show the presence or absence of a clot is highly desirable. For this purpose, combined pulmonary CTPA and indirect CT venography has been introduced as a one-stop-shop imaging technique for venous thromboembolism (VTE). However, the technique is not applied on routine basis due to concerns of increased radiation dose. 5 Pulmonary MRI has become feasible with the advent of fast acquisition techniques. MRI is particularly useful in patients with suspected PE who have contraindications for CT scanning (i.e. pregnancy, allergy to iodine-containing contrast medium), or in those in whom radiation exposure is a major concern. 6 Comprehensive MRI of VTE can be achieved by combined pulmonary and lower extremity MRI with or without use of contrast medium. Unenhanced imaging of pulmonary arteries (PAs) and
SUMMARYBrucellosis is an endemic disease in various regions of the world. Testicular abscess is a very rare complication of brucellosis which can be misdiagnosed as a testicular mass and may lead to unnecessary orchiectomy. To our knowledge there are only eight reported cases in the literature of a brucellar testicular abscess. We present a case of testicular abscess due to brucellosis diagnosed with serologic tests and color Doppler sonography, and treated with antibiotics and fine needle aspiration.
We investigated the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of propolis on bleomycin induced lung fibrosis and compared these effects to prednisolone treatment. Forty rats were divided into four groups of ten: group 1 was treated with intratracheal infusion of 0.2 ml physiological saline followed by daily treatment with 0.5 ml physiological saline for 20 days. In the remaining groups (groups 2 - 4), 5 mg/kg bleomycin was given via the trachea. Rats in group 2 were given 0.5 ml physiological saline. Rats in group 3 were treated with 100 mg/kg propolis, and 10 mg/kg prednisolone was given to rats in group 4. The treatments for all groups were continued for 20 days. On postoperative day 21, blood and lung samples were taken for biochemistry, histopathology and electron microscopy evaluation. We compared oxidative stress parameters and found lower malondialdehyde and myeloperoxidase levels, and higher total sulfhydryl levels and catalase activities for the bleomycin + propolis group than for the bleomycin and bleomycin + prednisolone groups. The highest mean fibrosis score was detected in the bleomycin group. Although the mean fibrosis scores of the bleomycin + propolis and bleomycin + prednisolone groups were not significantly different, electron microscopy revealed that propolis diminished bleomycin induced lung fibrosis more effectively than prednisolone. The effects of propolis might be due to its potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties.
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