The risk of AML/MDS development after MPN diagnosis was significantly associated with high exposures of P(32) and alkylators but not with HU treatment. Twenty-five percent of patients with MPNs who developed AML/MDS were not exposed to cytotoxic therapy, supporting a major role for nontreatment-related factors.

The CFR after appendectomy is high in elderly patients. The excess rate of death for patients with nonperforated appendicitis and nonsurgical abdominal pain suggests that the deaths may partly be caused by the surgical trauma. Increased diagnostic efforts rather than urgent appendectomy are therefore warranted among frail patients with an equivocal diagnosis of appendicitis.

No abstract

Objective. To determine the short-term and medium-term risks of cancer in patients receiving antitumor necrosis factor ␣ (anti-TNF␣) therapies that have proven effective in the treatment of chronic inflammatory conditions. Conclusion. During the first 6 years after the start of anti-TNF therapy in routine care, no overall elevation of cancer risk and no increase with followup time were observed. Methods. By linking together data from theTumor necrosis factor ␣ (TNF␣) therapy exerts biologic effects on carcinogenesis and tumor progres-

The results of the study do not suggest a carcinogenic effect of TiO2 dust on the human lung.