Countries worldwide have deployed mass COVID-19 vaccination drives, but there are people who are hesitant to receive the vaccine. Studies assessing the factors associated with COVID-19 vaccination hesitancy are inconclusive. This study aimed to assess the global prevalence of COVID-19 vaccination hesitancy and determine the potential factors associated with such hesitancy. We performed an organized search for relevant articles in PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. Extraction of the required information was performed for each study. A single-arm meta-analysis was performed to determine the global prevalence of COVID-19 vaccination hesitancy; the potential factors related to vaccine hesitancy were analyzed using a Z-test. A total of 56 articles were included in our analysis. We found that the global prevalence of COVID-19 vaccination hesitancy was 25%. Being a woman, being a 50-year-old or younger, being single, being unemployed, living in a household with five or more individuals, having an educational attainment lower than an undergraduate degree, having a non-healthcare-related job and considering COVID-19 vaccines to be unsafe were associated with a higher risk of vaccination hesitancy. In contrast, living with children at home, maintaining physical distancing norms, having ever tested for COVID-19, and having a history of influenza vaccination in the past few years were associated with a lower risk of hesitancy to COVID-19 vaccination. Our study provides valuable information on COVID-19 vaccination hesitancy, and we recommend special interventions in the sub-populations with increased risk to reduce COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy.
Summary The data on the predictors and prognosis of acute liver injury (ALI) among patients in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) patients are limited. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence, predictors and outcomes of ALI among patients with COVID‐19. A systematic review was conducted up to 10 June 2021. The relevant papers were searched from PubMed, Embase, Cochrane and Web of Science, and the data were analysed using a Z test. A total of 1331 papers were identified and 16 papers consisting of 1254 COVID‐19 with ALI and 4999 COVID‐19 without ALI were analysed. The cumulative prevalence of ALI among patients with COVID‐19 was 22.8%. Male and having low lymphocyte levels were more likely to be associated with ALI compared with female and having higher lymphocyte level, odds ratio (OR): 2.70; 95% confidence interval (CI): 2.03, 3.60 and mean difference (MD) −125; 95% CI: −207, −43, respectively. COVID‐19 patients with ALI had higher risk of developing severe COVID‐19 compared with those without ALI (OR: 3.61; 95% CI: 2.60, 5.02). Our findings may serve as the additional evaluation for the management of ALI in COVID‐19 patients.
oronary heart disease (CHD) remains a serious health problem. The reports revealed that CHD has caused 11.2% global deaths. Although crude mortality rate for CHD remains stable, this number increases rapidly with age. 1-3 Atherosclerosis of coronary arteries, the main cause of CHD, is a complex inflammatory disorder that causes the changes in the cells of the arterial wall and the blood components. 4,5 Several inflammatory biomarkers such as troponin, C reactive protein (CRP), and Btype natriuretic peptide (BNP) or pro-BNP are used to stratify the risk of The Association Between Complete Blood Count and the Risk of Coronary Heart Disease A AB BS S T TR RA AC CT T O Ob bj je ec ct ti iv ve e: : To determine the correlation between complete blood count and the risk of coronary heart disease (CHD). M Ma at te er ri ia al l a an nd d M Me et th ho od ds s: : All CHD patients treated in Aisyiyah Hospital during January 2011 to December 2017 were enrolled for the study. Information related to demographic, clinical, and complete blood count were extracted from medical record. Multiple logistic regression test was employed to evaluate the correlation between complete blood count and CHD incidence. In addition, a meta-analysis was also conducted to summarize findings from other regions. R Re es su ul lt ts s: : A total of 516 CHD patients and 102 controls were included in our study. We found that elevated hemoglobin (OR 95%CI=4.92 [2.02-12.01], p=0.002), leukocyte (OR 95%CI=5.35 [3.17-9.03], p=0.001), hematocrit (OR 95%CI=2.31 [1.40-3.83], p=0.010), eosinophil (OR 95%CI= 2.78 [1.68-4.26], p=0.001), and monocyte (OR 95%CI=1.31 [0.80-2.16], p=0.023) were associated with the incidence of CHD. Furthermore, our meta-analysis revealed that elevated levels of leukocyte, eosinophil, and monocyte increased the risk of CHD approximately 3.57, 5.34, and 2.77 times, respectively. C Co on nc cl lu us si io on n: : There is strong evidence that elevated levels of leukocyte, eosinophil, and monocyte are the risk factor for CHD. K Ke ey yw wo or rd ds s: : Complete blood count; coronary heart disease; risk factor Ö ÖZ ZE ET T A Am ma aç ç: : Tam kan ayımı ile koroner kalp hastalığı (KKH) arasında korelasyon olup olmadığını araştırmak amaçlandı. G Ge er re eç ç v ve e Y Yö ön nt te em ml le er r: : Aisyiyah Hastanesi'nde Ocak 2011-Aralık 2017 arasında tedavi gören tüm KKH hastaları çalışma kapsamına alındı. Hastalarla ilgili demografik bilgiler, klinik veriler ve tam kan sayımları tıbbi kayıtlardan alındı. Aradaki bağlantıyı incelemek için multipl lojistik regresyon analizi yapıldı. KKH insidansı analizine ilaveten diğer yayınlardan elde edilen özet verilerin meta-analizi yapıldı. B Bu ul lg gu ul la ar r: : Toplam 516 KKH hastası ve 102 kontrol kişisi çalışmaya alındı. KKH insidansı ile ilişkili olarak hemoglobin (OR %95 GA=4,
Background: Cytokine storm has been widely known to contribute to the development of the critical condition in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), and studies had been conducted to assess the potential aspect of cytokine storm elimination by performing therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE). However, contradictory findings were observed. The objective of this study was to assess the association between TPE and the reduction of mortality of critically ill COVID-19 patients. Methods: A meta-analysis was conducted by collecting data from PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. Data on the mortality rate of critically ill COVID-19 patients treated with TPE plus standard of care and that of patients treated with standard of care alone were analyzed using a Z test. Results: We included a total of four papers assessing the association between TPE and the risk of mortality among critically ill COVID-19 patients. Our findings suggested that critically ill COVID-19 patients treated with TPE had lower risk of mortality compared to those without TPE treatment. Conclusion: Our study has identified the potential benefits of TPE in reducing the risk of mortality among critically ill COVID-19 patients.
Background: Convalescent plasma (CCP) has been used for treating some infectious diseases; however, the efficacy of CCP in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) remains controversial. The aim of this research was to assess the efficacy of CCP as an adjunctive treatment in COVID-19 patients. Methods: Embase, PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane and MedRix were searched for potentially relevant articles. All included papers were assessed for the quality using modified jadad scale and Newcaste-ottawa scale for randomized controlled trial (RCT) and non – RCT, respectively. We used a Q test and Egger test to assess the heterogeneity and publication bias among studies, respectively. Mortality rates between patients treated with standard treatment and standard treatment with CCP were compared using a Z test. Results: A total of 12 papers consisting of three cross-sectional studies, one prospective study, five retrospective studies, and two RCT studies were included in our analysis. Of them, a total of 1,937 patients treated with CCP and 3,405 patients without CCP were involved.. The risk of mortality was 1.92-fold higher in patients without CCP compared to patients treated with CCP (OR: 1.92; 95%CI: 1.33, 2.77; p=0.0005). In severe COVID-19 sub-group analysis, we found that patients without the CCP had a 1.32 times higher risk of mortality than those treated with the CCP (OR: 1.32; 95%CI: 1.09, 1.60; p=0.0040). Conclusions: CCP, as adjunctive therapy, reduces the mortality rate among COVID-19 patients.
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