The paper aimed at enhancing the antimicrobial activity of chitosan by using tea tree essential oil with the purpose of durably finishing cotton fabrics for use in a hospital environment. The influence of crosslinkers and catalysts on the possibility of obtaining stable bonds using hydrothermal in situ synthesis between cellulosic material and chitosan with and without tea tree essential oil was investigated in detail. The morphology of the sample surface before and after the treatment and textile care cycle was investigated using a field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) and indicated the presence of chitosan and a thin film on all treated samples, which showed durability of the treatment. The FTIR spectra obtained by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) using attenuated total reflection measurement technique (ATR) analysis, showed that all the samples tested recorded physicochemical changes in the structure. The analysis of the samples on the goniometer proved the hydrophilicity of the materials, with a film forming on the surface of the treated samples, which is extremely beneficial given the end use of dressing samples to promote wound healing. The presence of a significant amount of bound chitosan with tea tree oil was confirmed by measuring the mass per unit area of the samples after the treatment and textile care cycles. The results of antimicrobial efficacy show that the materials treated with chitosan were resistant to bacteria and fungi in most cases, but only the samples treated in Bath I showed a zone of inhibition against the fungus Candida albicans, indicating the positive effect of tea tree essential oil.
U radu su ispitana svojstva otpornosti na zapaljenje i širenje plamena dvaju uzoraka vatrootpornih goveđih koža te njihova otpornost na djelovanje topline uz praćenje plinovitih produkata koji se javljaju prilikom toplinske razgradnje. Uzorci su podvrgnuti termogravimetrijskoj analizi (TGA) uz praćenje plinovitih produkata razgradnje (TG-IR) tijekom dekompozicije. S obzirom na rezultate gorivosti zaključeno je da ispitivani uzorci glatke goveđe kože pokazuju zadovoljavajuću stabilnost na djelovanje plamena i topline, dok je perforirana brušena vatrootporna koža s umjetnim licem djelomično pougljenila i skupila se u području neposrednog dodira s plamenom. Oba uzorka pokazuju slično ponašanje tijekom TGA, no razlike su uočene prilikom analize plinovitih produkata razgradnje.
This paper aims to investigate fire resistance properties of two samples of fireproof bovine leather; both with smooth and perforated brushed surfaces. Apart from flammability and flame spreading, an important property is heat resistance and the development of gaseous products that occur during heat degradation. For the purpose of characterizing those properties, cowhide leather samples were exposed to thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) of monitoring gaseous degradation products (TG-IR) during decomposition. Considering the results of fire resistance, it can be concluded that tested samples of smooth bovine leather show satisfactory stability to the influence of flame and heat, while perforated brushed fireproof leather with artificial surface was partially pouched and gathered in the area of direct contact with flame. Both samples show similar behavior during TGA, but differences have been observed in the analysis of gaseous degradation products.
The quality and properties of fire resistance are crucial to the selection of leather for the production of protective fire fighting boots, which has a primarily protective role. During fire extinguishing it is exposed to extremely high and low temperatures, chemicals (acids and alkalis), mechanical loads, etc. The properties of fire resistance were tested on two samples of bovine leather (BL1, BL2). Burn resistance test has been carried out in accordance with the requirements of the technical standards for the burn resistance test: HRN EN ISO 15090: 2012, t, 7.3 - Firefighters and rescue services. The mentioned two samples were individually tested according to HRN EN ISO 15025: 2003. The test procedure was carried out by the "Flame Expansion Testing Method". Moreover, in this research used Microscale Combustion Calorimeter (MCC) Govmark, UK because that was designed for produce the maximum heating rate capability similarly the heating rates in fires and give as a lot of flammability parameters. The analysis of physicochemical properties of samples was performed using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The surface morphology of the samples was studied using a Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FE-SEM). The measurement of the above samples on MCC was performed according to ASTM D7309. From the obtained HRR results, it is evident that BL1 sample has a better thermal stability than the BL2 sample.
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