Successive crisis in Europe have contributed to rethink welfare state and the entrepreneurial role of Third Sector organizations in the provision of community services that progressively have created social enterprises. Its creation is the result of a decision-making process that is collective, not individual, and of a strategic nature, in which the organization's culture plays a relevant role. This work aims to describe and analyze the entrepreneurial process, and the key elements that determines the decision of creating a work insertion social enterprise by its promotor entity. As a result, this article proposes an explicative model of social enterprises creation and makes an empirical validation, using Delphi Method in Spanish work insertion social enterprises case.
El contexto en que se realiza la inserción laboral de personas en riesgo de exclusión ha sufrido cambios sustanciales en los últimos veinte años. Estas circunstancias han condicionado tanto las necesidades como las oportunidades de las entidades de acción social, que no siempre han sido capaces de llevar a cabo las transformaciones necesarias para ello. Basados en los fundamentos de la Economía Pública, la Economía Social, la Ciencia Política, y la Sociología, este trabajo aporta la perspectiva de la Economía de la Empresa y de la Teoría de la Organización al proceso innovador desarrollado por los emprendedores sociales en su búsqueda de nuevas fórmulas organizativas para conseguir la integración social de las personas en riesgo de exclusión. Este proceso innovador ya ha producido interesantes resultados en la forma de Empresas Sociales y Empresas de Inserción Social que responden simultáneamente a objetivos sociales y económicos. Abstract The context for the professional insertion of people under socialexclusion risk has undertaken substantial changes during the lasttwenty years. These circumstances have strongly conditioned both the needs and the opportunities of social entities, which not always have been capable to carry out the necessary transformations. Based on the foundations from the Public Economy, the Social Economy, Political Science and Sociology this paper brings in the perspective of Business Economy and Organisation Theory to the innovation process carried out by social entrepreneurs seeking new organisational formulae to approach the therapeutical treatment and the social integration of excluded people. This innovation process has produced some effective outcomes such as the Social Enterprise, and the Social Insertion Enterprise, each of them responding to different therapeutical, social and economic purposes.
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