Extended gate fi eld-effect transistor (EGFET) is a device composed of a conventional ion-sensitive electrode and a MOSFET device, which can be applied to the measurement of ion content in a solution. This structure has a lot of advantages as compared to the Ion-Sensitive Field Effect Transistor (ISFET). In this work, we constructed an EGFET by connecting the sensing structure fabricated with SnO 2 to a commercial MOSFET (CD4007UB). From the numerical simulation of site binding model it is possible to determine some of the desirable characteristics of the fi lms. We investigate and compare SnO 2 fi lms prepared using both the Sol-gel and the Pechini methods. The aim is an amorphous material for the EGFET. The SnO 2 powder was obtained at different calcinating temperatures (200 -500 0 C) and they were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), infrared spectroscopy (IR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential thermal analysis (DTA). The fi lms were investigated as pH sensors (range 2-11).
The performance and stability of metal halide perovskite solar cells strongly depend on precursor materials and deposition methods adopted during the perovskite layer preparation. There are often a number of different formation pathways available when preparing perovskite films. Since the precise pathway and intermediary mechanisms affect the resulting properties of the cells, in situ studies have been conducted to unravel the mechanisms involved in the formation and evolution of perovskite phases. These studies contributed to the development of procedures to improve the structural, morphological, and optoelectronic properties of the films and to move beyond spin-coating, with the use of scalable techniques. To explore the performance and degradation of devices, operando studies have been conducted on solar cells subjected to normal operating conditions, or stressed with humidity, high temperatures, and light radiation. This review presents an update of studies conducted in situ using a wide range of structural, imaging, and spectroscopic techniques, involving the formation/ degradation of halide perovskites. Operando studies are also addressed, emphasizing the latest degradation results for perovskite solar cells. These works demonstrate the importance of in situ and operando studies to achieve the level of stability required for scale-up and consequent commercial deployment of these cells.
Perovskites are in the hotspot of material science and technology. Outstanding properties have been discovered, fundamental mechanisms of defect formation and degradation elucidated, and applications in a wide variety of...
Titanium dioxide (TiO2) thin films are widely used in transparent optoelectronic devices due to their excellent properties, as well as in photocatalysis, cosmetics, and many other biomedical applications. In this work, TiO2 thin films were deposited onto AISI 304 and AISI 316L stainless steel substrates by atomic layer deposition, followed by comparative evaluation of the mixture of anatase and rutile phase by X-ray diffraction, Raman maps, morphology by SEM-FEG-AFM, and adhesion of the films on the two substrates, aiming to evaluate the scratch resistance. Raman spectroscopy mapping and X-ray diffraction with Rietveld refinement showed that the films were composed of anatase and rutile phases, in different percentages. Scratch testing using a diamond tip on the TiO2 film was employed to evaluate the film adherence and to determine the friction coefficient, with the results showing satisfactory adherence of the films on both substrates.
The high contamination by the SARS-Cov-2 virus has led to the search for ways to minimize contagion. Masks are used as part of a strategy of measures to suppress transmission and save lives. However, they are not sufficient to provide an adequate level of protection against COVID-19.
Activated charcoal has an efficient antibacterial action, adsorption and low cost. Here, the interaction between two molecules of activated carbon was analyzed, interacting with two structures of the SARS-Cov-2, through docking and molecular dynamics using the platforms Autodock Vina 4.2.6,
Gaussian 09 and Amber 16. As a result, the complexes from ozone-functionalized coal to viral structures happen mainly through hydrophobic interactions at the binding site of each receptor. The values of the mean square deviations of the two systems formed by ligands/receptors and showed better
stability. The results of Gibbs free energy showed a better interaction between proteins and functionalized charcoal, with △Gtotal values of −48.530 and −38.882 kcal/mol. Thus, the set formed by combinations of proteins with functionalized activated carbon tends to more efficiently
adsorb the protein components of the coronavirus to the pores of the activated carbon with ozone during filtration.
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