Numular headache is a chronic, mild to moderate, pressurelike pain in a circumscribed cranial area of approximately 2 to 6 cm in diameter. Pain usually is limited to the parietal region, although it may appear in any cranial site. It is a benign process of usually unknown origin.

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NH emerges as a clear-cut clinical picture. It is a noninfrequent primary headache. The particular topography suggests the pain has a probable epicranial source conveyed by, or originated in, one/a few terminal branch(es) of the cutaneous nerves of the scalp.

We show that endemic (eBL), sporadic (sBL), and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome-associated (AIDS-BL) forms of Burkitt lymphoma (BL) carrying t(8;14) chromosomal translocations display different breakpoints within the immunoglobulin heavy-chain locus (IGH) on chromosome 14. In sBL (7 out of 11) and AIDS-BL (5 out of 6), the breakpoints occurred within or near the IGH ji switch (S.,) region on chromosome 14 and within the c-myc locus (MYC) on chromosome 8. In most eBL (13 out of 16) the breakpoints were mapped within or 5' to the IGH joining (JH region on chromosome 14 and outside the MYC locus on chromosome 8. Cloning and sequencing of the t(8;14) chromosomal junctions from two eBL cell lines and one eBL biopsy sample show that the recombinations do not involve IGH-specific recombination signals on chromosome 14 or homologous sequences on chromosome 8, suggesting that these events are not likely to be mediated by the same mechanisms or enzymes as in IGH rearrangements. In general, these data have implications for the timing of occurrence of chromosomal translocations during B-cell differentiation in different BL types.Reciprocal chromosomal translocations involving the c-myc oncogene locus (MYC) on chromosome 8 and one of the chromosome segments bearing immunoglobulin genes on chromosome 2, 14, or 22 are found in Burkitt lymphoma (BL), other undifferentiated B-cell lymphomas, and L3-type acute lymphoblastic leukemias (for reviews see refs. 1-3). These MYC/immunoglobulin gene juxtapositions seem to be characterized by remarkable heterogeneity, involving different chromosomal breakpoints in different tumors. In the more frequent t(8;14) translocation, breakpoints located 5' (i.e., centromeric) to MYC lead to its translocation into the immunoglobulin heavy-chain locus (IGH) on chromosome 14, while in the variant t(2;8) and t(8;22) translocations an immunoglobulin light-chain locus is translocated 3' (i.e., telomeric) to MYC, which remains on chromosome 8.Further heterogeneity appears at the molecular level, with respect to the position of the chromosome 8 breakpoints in the t(8;14) translocations in the two forms of BL-i.e., the endemic, African-type BL (eBL) and the sporadic, American-type BL (sBL) (4). In eBL carrying the t(8;14) translocation, the chromosomal breakpoint is located at an undefined distance 5' to the translocated MYC locus, whereas in sBL and in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome-associated BL (AIDS-BL) the translocation truncates MYC within its 5' portion, in most cases within the first intron or within sequences flanking the first exon.We have now comprehensively studied the position of breakpoints on chromosome 14 in eBL, sBL, and AIDS-BL. In analogy with previous data available for sBL, we have analyzed a panel of eBL, including detailed molecular analysis of the breakpoint in three eBL cases. § Our results indicate that different IGH regions are involved in chromosomal translocations in distinct forms of BL and provide insight into the mechanisms of the abnormal recombinations.