The first reports of hypersensitivity reactions following the rollout of COVID-19 vaccination programs have raised public concern. Given the recent availability and novel mechanisms of COVID-19 vaccines, there is limited data on possible hypersensitivity reactions. Although it seems rare, the incidence of anaphylaxis for approved COVID-19 vaccines has been suggested as being higher when compared to previous vaccines. Adequate risk assessment, recognition, classification, and management of hypersensitivity reactions is crucial to ensure safe immunization and avoid misinformation and vaccine hesitancy. In this review, we present an overview of the types of hypersensitivity reactions that can potentially occur due to vaccination and the possible allergenic components of COVID-19 vaccines, as well as a suggestion for causality and risk assessment for the BNT162b2, mRNA-1273 and AZD1222 vaccines.
Temporary henna tattoos have become increasingly popular, particularly among children and teenagers. The word “henna” is of Persian origin, and it is prepared from the plant Lawsonia inermis belonging to the family Lythraceae. Concerning allergic reactions, natural henna paste is rarely responsible for contact dermatitis, which is more frequent if paraphenylenediamine (PPD) is added to the paste. The authors present a case of female child with erythematous exanthems that appeared after the application of black henna tattoo. A diagnosis of contact dermatitis to black henna tattoo was hypothesised. Epicutaneous tests were performed at the Immunoalergology Department of the Coimbra University Hospital using standard European battery and natural henna paste. The tests revealed positive reaction to PPD.
Brimonidine tartrate (BT), a selective alpha-2 adrenergic agonist, is contained in eyedrops for glaucoma treatment and in topical products for rosacea. 1 Allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) from BT is rarely reported. 2,3
CASE REPORTA 74-year-old man presented with 3-weeks' appearance of eczematous pruritic lesions on both eyelids and the periorbital region (Figure 1), after 4 months of treatment for glaucoma with three different eyedrops.After informed consent, patch test was performed with the Società Italiana di Dermatologia Allergologica Professionale eAmbientale (SIDAPA) baseline series (FIRMA, Florence, Italy), and the patient's own eyedrops "as is": Combigan (Allergan Inc, Wesport Co Mayo, Ireland) (BT 2 mg/mL, timolol maleate 6.8 mg/mL, benzalkonium chloride 0.05 mg/mL, monobasic sodium phosphate
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