The physical and chemical characteristics of the fruits influence the consumer acceptance. The objective of this study was to perform the physical, physico-chemical and chemical characterization of fruits of accessions of bushy cashew (Anacardium humile A. St.-Hil.) (cashew nut and cashew apple) in a germplasm bank located in southwest of the state of Goiás, in Brazil, aiming at the selection of superior accessions, in order to facilitate the initiation of a program to encourage the production and consumption, for provide information for breeding programs and the specie preservation. This research study was conducted at the Laboratory of genetics and molecular biology with material collected in the Experimental Station of the Federal University of Jataí, within the biological ex situ collection of Anacardium humile, in the field of genetic resources. In the harvest of 2016, within this collection, they were evaluated accesses for the characteristics of the cashew apple: length, diameter of base, apex diameter, weight, instrumental coloration of the epidermis and pulp, titratable acidity (citric acid), vitamin C content (ascorbic acid) and carotenoid content; cashew nut were evaluated: length, width, thickness and weight. The results were submitted to descriptive analysis, obtaining average, minimum, maximum and variation coefficient and the correlation between the variables, testing the significance by the t test. Most of the accesses showed high CV for most of the variables, demonstrating high heterogeneity of the observed values. Cashew apples have high levels of vitamin C and carotenoids, indicating the nutritional potential of the specie.

A evapotranspiração (ET) é um parâmetro agrometeorológico importante para o manejo de irrigação, zoneamento agroclimático e gestão de recursos hídricos. O modelo padrão de estimativa, parametrizado pela Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO-56), é o de Penman-Monteith e utiliza o saldo de radiação como variável de entrada, cujas medidas nem sempre estão disponíveis nas estações meteorológicas do país. A busca por ajustes aos modelos e alternativas para a estimativa de ET é frequente na literatura, a fim de identificar modelos que utilizem dados de entrada de fácil aquisição, como temperaturas máximas e mínimas. Em vista da necessidade de simplificar a estimativa de evapotranspiração, este artigo tem por objetivo utilizar variáveis meteorológicas de fácil aquisição como temperatura, umidade relativa do ar, velocidade do vento e precipitação para estimar a evapotranspiração de referência diária de Botucatu-SP. Modelos de regressão lineares múltiplos, com interação e termos polinomiais, e dinâmicas, admitindo defasagem no tempo, foram utilizados para obter o modelo de predição, considerando um nível de significância de 5%. Por meio dos índices de desempenho estatísticos utilizados foi possível identificar um modelo cujo ajuste é considerado aceitável para épocas em que a umidade relativa é igual ou superior a 76%. Sendo assim, são necessários estudos para incorporar ao modelo o efeito de sazonalidade em relação à previsão de ETo, a fim de fazer uso de modelos cujas variáveis sejam disponíveis em estações meteorológicas.

Citrus fruit tree has great importance in Brazil. Despite having many commercial cultivars, the lemon crop in Brazil is basically from “Tahiti” cultivar and there is a lack of studies about the characterization and assay of genetic diversity of sweet lemon (Citrus limetta) fruits. Therefore, this work aimed to characterize and evaluate the genetic diversity from nine stock plants produced in Porto Nacional-TO. Fruits in fully physiologic ripening were harvested and evaluated for weight, length, diameter, juice yield, soluble solids content, and color of peel and pulp. The experimental design was completely randomized with 9 treatments (stock plants) and five replications. For the characterization, the data were subjected to Tukey’s test and similarity measure and clustering of the stock plants were performed by Tocher’s method and UPGMA dendrogram. Weight, length, and diameter of all stock plants have not differed from each other. The coordinate b* indicated that stock plant 1 had fruits with peel and pulp clear when compared to the yellow color of the other stock plants. There was genetic diversity between the assessed stock plants and three groups were created, which stock plant 1 and 2 were the most divergent and compose group 3, according to Tocher’s method. The features contributed similarly to total variation.

The Anacardium humile A. St.- Hil. fruit tree has productive potential, being their fruits appreciated in the Cerrado region for having characteristic flavor, however, this species is still exploited in an extractive way, being necessary studies for its domestication. The aim of this work was to estimate the leaf area of Anacardium humile. One hundred leaves were collected in the biological collection from a genetic resources field and evaluated for length, width and fresh weight, and scanned at resolution of 300 dpi to determine the leaf area with the aid of the ImageJ image analysis program. Subsequently, a leaf disc with a diameter of 22.27 mm was detached at the basal portion of each leaf, in which the fresh weight of the discs was obtained. Data were submitted to descriptive analysis and the relationship among the features explained by Pearson’s correlation with the software Rbio. The data were also subjected to regression analysis to explain the relationship between leaf area and measurements of width, length and leaf weight, and to fit the proper statistical model with the software Origin. It was concluded that leaf area can be determined by image analysis software and linear measurements are correlated to leaf area.

The propagation of gabirobeira is carried out by seeds. However, the recalcitrance and not tolerance of the seeds to the storage compromise the formation of seedlings. Thus, the propagation by cuttings can be an option, being able to provide significant results in different seasons. The objective of this work was to evaluate the vegetative propagation by stem cuttings of two species of gabirobeira (Campomanesia adamantium and Campomanesia pubescens) associate to indolbutyric acid (IBA) at differents seasons of the year. Cuttings of the two species were obtained in the 4 seasons and concentrations of 0, 2000, 4000, 6000 and 8000 mg L-1 of IBA were used, by immersion in the solution for 15 seconds and sequentially staked on trays containing a sand substrate. Sixty days after experiments were set it was evaluated the percentage of cuttings with shoots, live cuttings, dead cuttings, cuttings with calluses and rooted cuttings. A completely randomized design with 5 treatments, 4 replicates and 8 cuttings per plot was adopted. During the whole experiment, the greenhouse, substrate and cutting leaves temperature was monitored. The use of IBA did not promote adventitious rhizogenesis, but provided a high percentage of survival for the species Campomanesia adamantium and Campomanesia pubescens by stem cuttings during the spring season.

Because it is a species of tropical climate, the passion fruit is distributed widely in South America, mainly in Brazil. Its cultivation represents approximately 95% of the commercial orchards of the country, nevertheless, it presents productivity below its productive potential, being necessary to obtain cultivars adapted to the climate of the regions of culture. The objective of this work was to evaluate the quality of the fruit pulp of yellow passion fruit produced in Jataí-GO as well as the correlations between some physical and chemical characteristics. The fruits were collected in an experimental orchard and sectioned transversely to obtain the pulp. The characteristics of acidity, vitamin C content, soluble solids content, soluble solids/acidity ratio (Ratio), and pulp color parameters were evaluated through the coordinates L*, a*, b*, C* and h* of yellow passion fruit and of the cultivar FB 200. Data were analyzed by means of analysis of variance and Pearson’s correlation at 5% of significance with the aid of the statistical program Rbio. It is concluded that the characteristics of the fruits of the cultivar FB200 differed from the fruits of yellow passion fruit and that these characteristics correlated significantly and positively.

Abstract The peach tree is a temperate fruit tree propagated by grafting with the scion cultivar and the rootstock from seeds, generating low uniformity, a viable alternative is propagation by herbaceous cuttings. The objective of this study was to evaluate the performance of different genotypes of peach rootstock propagated by herbaceous cuttings. The experiment was carried out with standardized cuttings of 15 cm in length treated with 3,000 mg L-1 of IBA solution, then were transplanted into 3 L polyethylene bags. A completely randomized design with five replications was adopted, each plot consisting of three plants. Sixteen peach genotypes from UFV breeding program were tested: 713-3, 713-6, 713-7, 713-10, 813-2, 813-3, 813-5, 813-15, 913-3, 913-6, 913-11, 913-17, C6, C7 and C8. After 80 days the following parameters were evaluated: stem length (cm), stem diameter (mm) and internode length (cm). Data were subjected to analysis of variance by the F test and averages compared by the Scott-Knott test at a 5% probability level with the GENES statistical software. It can be concluded that the lower initial development was observed in genotype 1113-11 and the highest initial development was from genotypes 713-13 and 813-5.

The identification of productive plants with fruits of desirable characteristics contributes to the optimization of commercial crops of red mombin fruits. The aim of this work was to evaluate the genetic diversity among the provenance of red mombin of two municipalities of the state of Goiás. The fruits were harvested at ripening stage 3 and transported to the laboratory. The treatments were composed of fruits harvested from three plants, being ten repetitions and five fruits per experimental plot, totaling fifty fruits per provenance. Considering each repetition as an individual, 15 individuals were evaluated for length, diameter, weight, color attributes of the pericarp and pulp, soluble solids content and titratable acidity of the pulp, ratio of soluble solids content and acidity, and vitamin C content of the pulp. The results were subjected to descriptive analysis. A multivariate analysis was performed estimating the mean Euclidean distance obtained from the provenances, based on the attributes of the fruits analyzed. The measure of similarity and grouping of the provenances were done through the Tocher optimization algorithm and UPGMA dendrogram. The variables contributed similarly to dissimilarity. The Tocher method grouped the individuals into four groups, while in the UPGMA dendrogram, seven groups were formed.