Pulmonary artery hypertension (PAH) imposes right heart and lung detrimental remodeling which impairs cardiac contractility, physical effort tolerance, and survival. The effects of an early moderate-intensity continuous aerobic exercise training on the right ventricle and lung structure, and on contractility and the calcium (Ca2+) transient in isolated myocytes from rats with severe PAH induced by monocrotaline were analyzed. Rats were divided into control sedentary (CS), control exercise (CE), monocrotaline sedentary (MS), and monocrotaline exercise (ME) groups. Animals from control exercise and ME groups underwent a moderate-intensity aerobic exercise on a treadmill (60 min/d; 60% intensity) for 32 days, after a monocrotaline (60 mg/kg body weight i.p.) or saline injection. The pulmonary artery resistance was higher in MS than in control sedentary (1.36-fold) and was reduced by 39.39% in ME compared with MS. Compared with MS, the ME group presented reduced alveolus (17%) and blood vessel (46%) wall, fibrosis (25.37%) and type I collagen content (55.78%), and increased alveolus (52.96%) and blood vessel (146.97%) lumen. In the right ventricle, the ME group exhibited diminished hypertrophy index (25.53%) and type I collagen content (40.42%) and improved myocyte contraction [ie, reduced times to peak (29.27%) and to 50% relax (13.79%)] and intracellular Ca2+ transient [ie, decreased times to peak (16.06%) and to 50% decay (7.41%)] compared with MS. Thus, early moderate-intensity continuous aerobic exercise prevents detrimental remodeling in the right heart and lung increases in the pulmonary artery resistance and dysfunction in single myocyte contraction and Ca2+ cycling in this model.
The objective of this study was to verify the effects of aerobic exercise associated with tryptophan (TRP) supplementation on hyperalgesia, as well as on cortisol, IL-6 and TNF concentrations in female rats with experimental fibromyalgia (FM). Female Wistar rats (initial body weight: ~ 350 g; age: 12 months) were randomly divided into 5 groups: CON (Control); F (Fibromyalgia induced); FE (Fibromyalgia induced plus exercise); FES (Fibromyalgia induced plus exercise and TRP supplementation) and FS (Fibromyalgia induced plus TRP supplementation). Fibromyalgia was induced with two injections (20 μL) of acidic saline (pH 4.0) into the right gastrocnemius muscle with a 3-day interval. Control animals received the same doses of neutral saline (pH 7.4). The exercised animals underwent progressive low-intensity aerobic exercise (LIAE) on a treadmill (10–12 m/min, 30–45 min/day, 5 days/week) for three weeks. During this period, the supplemented animals received a TRP supplemented diet (210 g/week), while the others received a control diet. Mechanical hyperalgesia was evaluated weekly and serum cortisol and muscle IL-6 and TNF concentrations were assessed after three weeks of interventions. Experimental FM caused bilateral hind paw hyperalgesia and augmented serum cortisol and muscle IL-6 concentrations. After 3 weeks of interventions, LIAE alone reduced hyperalgesia (151%) and reduced serum cortisol concentrations (72%). Tryptophan supplementation itself diminished hyperalgesia (57%) and reduced serum cortisol concentrations (67%). Adding TRP supplementation to LIAE did not further reduce hyperalgesia significantly (11%), which was followed by an important decrease in muscle IL-6 concentrations (68%), though reduction in serum cortisol pulled back to 45%. Muscle TNF concentrations were not affected. In conclusion, the association of TRP supplementation to LIAE does not potentiate significantly the reduction of bilateral mechanical hyperalgesia promoted by LIAE in female rats with experimental FM, however an important decrease in IL-6 is evident.
O objetivo do estudo foi verificar o efeito de 20 semanas de Educação Física Escolar no nível de atividade física, estado de humor e na qualidade de vida em adolescentes. Participaram do estudo 40 estudantes, com idade média de 16,5±0,6 anos. Aplicou-se os questionários: IPAQ, POMS e o WHOQOL-Bref. Não foram encontradas diferenças no nível de atividade física, no entanto, houve diferenças para o estado de humor das meninas de forma negativa e para ambos os sexos na qualidade de vida, também negativa, ao final do semestre. Observou-se influências negativas nas variáveis da qualidade de vida em ambos os sexos. Conclui-se que as aulas de Educação Física não foram capazes de proporcionar melhoria nos níveis de atividade física e na manutenção do estado de humor nos estudantes do sexo feminino.ABSTRACT. The impact of physical education classes in the level of physical activity, mood state and quality of life of adolescent students. It was investigate the effect of 20 weeks of physical education classes at physical activity level, mood state, and quality of life in adolescents. Was included 40 students of both genders, with a mean of 16.5±0.6 years. To obtain the data we used questionnaires: IPAQ, POMS and the WHOQOL-Bref. No differences were found in the level of physical activity, however, there were negative differences for the mood of the girls and for both genders in the quality of life at the end of the semester. Negative influences were observed in the variables of quality of life in both genders. It is concluded that the physical education classes were not able to provide improvement in the levels of physical activity and the maintenance of the mood state in the female students.
The role of regular physical exercise is recognized for the prevention, control and treatment of cardiovascular diseases. However, studies show that after strenuous aerobic exercise sessions in healthy individuals can lead to cardiac damage, due to the high degree of stress imposed on myocardial structures. This study verifies the effects of swimming to exhaustion on contraction and relaxation velocities, as well as the velocity of calcium release and reuptake in cardiomyocytes isolated from the left ventricle. Wistar animals aged 16 weeks were submitted to a protocol of swimming until exhaustion with a load of 5% of body weight and later the cardiomyocytes were isolated. It was observed that an acute session of swimming until exhaustion promoted an increase in the velocity of contraction and relaxation and an increase in the velocity of calcium release. Exercise to exhaustion promotes adverse effects on the myocardium, however more studies are needed to explain these effects and demonstrate the molecular mechanisms involved in the process.
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