Background. Surgical stress and general anesthesia can have detrimental effects on postoperative immune function. We sought to comparatively evaluate postoperative lymphocytes response in patients undergoing videoassisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) under thoracic epidural or general anesthesia.Methods. Between October 2008 and June 2009, 50 patients with nonmalignant pulmonary conditions were randomized to undergo VATS through either sole epidural anesthesia and spontaneous ventilation (awake group, n ؍ 25) or general anesthesia with one-lung ventilation (control group, n ؍ 25). In both groups, assessment of total lymphocytes count and changes in proportion of lymphocyte subsets including CD19؉, CD3؉, CD4؉, CD8؉, CD4؉:CD8؉ ratio, and CD16؉CD56؉ (natural-killer cell) were evaluated by two-way analysis of variance test for repeated measures at baseline and postoperative days 1, 2, and 3. The Mann-Whitney test was performed at each time point only for significant parameters at between-group analysis of variance.
This study was undertaken to assess stress hormones response after awake videoassisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS). Plasma levels of adrenal-corticotropic hormone (ACTH), cortisol, epinephrine, norepinephrine, and glucose were assessed at baseline, 3 h postoperatively (T1), and on postoperative mornings 2 (T2) and 3 (T3) in 21 patients undergoing awake VATS with epidural anesthesia for non-malignant conditions (n=11) or equivalent procedures performed with general anesthesia. Epinephrine level peaked in both groups at T1, although significant change from baseline values occurred in the control group only [median-Delta: 6 ng/l (IQR: 4-6), P=0.005]. Cortisol level was lower in the study group at T1 (15.5 microg/dl vs. 23.0 microg/dl, P=0.001) and T2 (15.2 microg/dl vs. 19.2 microg/dl, P=0.002). In the control group, peak cortisol level proved not to be related to changes in ACTH (R=0.23, P=0.46). At T2, glucose (137 mg/dl vs. 98 mg/dl, P=0.01) and C-reactive protein (P=0.04) were higher in the control group. No other clinically relevant between-groups differences were found in aspecific acute-response factors. Overall, these preliminary findings suggest attenuated stress response after awake VATS in comparison with equivalent procedure performed under general anesthesia and one-lung ventilation.
Abstract:Background: We hypothesized that video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS) lung metastasectomy under non-intubated anesthesia may have a lesser immunological and inflammatory impact than the same procedure under general anesthesia. Methods: Between December 2005 and October 2015, 55 patients with pulmonary oligometastases (at the first episode) successfully underwent VATS metastasectomy under non-intubated anesthesia. Lymphocytes subpopulation and interleukins 6 and 10 were measured at different intervals and matched with a control group composed of 13 patients with similar clinical features who refused non-intubated surgery. Results:The non-intubated group demonstrated a lesser reduction of natural killer lymphocytes at 7 days from the procedure (p = 0.04) compared to control. Furthermore, the group revealed a lesser spillage of interleukin 6 after 1 (p = 0.03), 7 (p = 0.04), and 14 (p = 0.05) days. There was no mortality in any groups. Major morbidity rate was significantly higher in the general anesthesia group 3 (5%) vs. 3 (23%) (p = 0.04). The median hospital stay was 3.0 vs. 3.7 (p = 0.033) days, the estimated costs with the non-intubated procedure was significantly lower, even excluding the hospital stay. Conclusions: VATS lung metastasectomy in non-intubated anesthesia had significantly lesser impact on both immunological and inflammatory response compared to traditional procedure in intubated general anesthesia.
Nonintubated VATS talc pleurodesis can achieve similar results in pleural effusion to the same operation performed under general anesthesia but with earlier improvement of some quality-of-life domains as well as better mortality, morbidity, hospital stay, and costs.
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