An abnormal endometrial microbiota has been suggested to impair the process of embryo implantation, thus leading to repeated implantation failure (RIF) in women undergoing in vitro fertilization (IVF). However, the molecular mechanisms linking uterine microbiota and IVF out-comes are still an open question. The aim of this cohort study was to outline the relationship between endometrial microbiota, inflammation and IVF outcomes. To this purpose, endometrial microbiota and selected components of the “cytokine network” were analyzed in women presenting RIF and divided between eubiosis and dysbiosis groups, according to the percentage of endometrial lactobacilli (≥90% or <90%, respectively). The Dysbiosis group presented significantly higher tissue concentrations of the inflammatory markers (IL-6, IL-1β, HIF-1α and COX-2) and significantly lower levels of the anti-inflammatory/well-being factors, IL-10 and IGF-1, with respect to women with eubiosis. Moreover, the Lactobacillus percentage was negatively related to the concentrations of the inflammatory molecules and positively related to IL-10/IGF-1. Interestingly, the number of IVF attempts was directly related to the levels of the inflammatory factors COX-2, IL-1β and HIF-1α in the eubiosis group. Overall, endometrial dysbiosis was demonstrated to be associated with inflammation-related endometrial changes affecting the process of embryo implantation, underlining the importance of assessing uterine microbiota in patients undergoing IVF.
In dental clinics, the infections may be acquired through contaminated devices, air, and water. Aerosolized water may contain bacteria, grown into the biofilm of dental unit waterlines (DUWLs). We evaluated a disinfection method based on water osmosis and chlorination with chlorine dioxide (O-CD), applied to DUWL of five dental clinics. Municipal water was chlorinated with O-CD device before feeding all DUWLs. Samplings were performed on water/air samples in order to research total microbial counts at 22–37 °C, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Legionella spp., and chlorine values. Water was collected from the taps, spittoons, and air/water syringes. Air was sampled before, during, and after 15 min of aerosolizing procedure. Legionella and P. aeruginosa resulted as absent in all water samples, which presented total microbial counts almost always at 0 CFU/mL. Mean values of total chlorine ranged from 0.18–0.23 mg/L. Air samples resulted as free from Legionella spp. and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Total microbial counts decreased from the pre-aerosolizing (mean 2.1 × 102 CFU/m3) to the post-aerosolizing samples (mean 1.5 × 10 CFU/m3), while chlorine values increased from 0 to 0.06 mg/L. O-CD resulted as effective against the biofilm formation in DUWLs. The presence of residual activity of chlorine dioxide also allowed the bacteria reduction from air, at least at one meter from the aerosolizing source.
Background The COVID-19 pandemic highlighted the need to redefine the healthcare workforce (HCW) competencies to face future emergencies linked to emerging infectious diseases, environmental, climate and social crises. As recently stated by WHO, there is a need to identify standards for education and competencies training for HCW in emergency and preparedness (E&P). The Italian National Institute of Health, in agreement with the deliberation of the G20 Health Ministers under the Italian Presidency, is developing an educational program named “Laboratorium” which includes a free access digital repository aimed to share selected documents and tools at the International Public HCW (PHCW) to increase the competencies in E&P response. Objectives A range of web domains selected according to their reliability was monitored using a keyword search tool for any relevant material published from February 14th up to April 28th, 2022. We included any publications, training materials, epidemiological data, initiatives, and communication items that addressed the topic of interest. Each item was submitted for approval by a scientific board and, if appropriate, classified by typology, language, topic, and country before publication. Results To date, out of 6197 items, 418 fulfilled the inclusion criteria. For the type of content, we included guidelines/recommendations (75), epidemiological data (58), websites (34), online courses (15) and books (16). PHCW was the most representative target group (361), followed by other stakeholders (127), hospital practitioners (90), primary care (87). The most represented topic was infectious diseases/SARS-CoV-2 (277) followed by vaccines (88), emergency interventions (34), emerging diseases (17), policies (26), public health preparedness (32). Conclusions Future training for PHCW should be designed with a modular approach with different levels of usability. The Laboratorium Repository provides a core of items for learning according to one's training needs Key messages
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