Purpose  To evaluate the prevalence of adhesive capsulitis (AC) of the shoulder in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) in Sardinia. Methods  In this cross-sectional study, we evaluated 943 patients with T1DM attending the division of Endocrinology and Metabolism at the University Hospital in Sassari, Italy. The criteria for diagnosing AC were: pain for at least 1 month, inability to lie on the affected shoulder, and restricted active and passive shoulder joint movements in at least three planes. Age, gender, duration of DM, blood pressure, and presence of neuropathy and retinopathy were noted. Metabolic control of DM was evaluated with glycosylated hemoglobin A1c (GHbA1c) blood concentrations. Results  AC was diagnosed in 331 patients (prevalence: 35.1%). Age, duration of DM, high blood pressure levels, and the presence of neuropathy and retinopathy were significantly associated with AC. No significant association was observed between gender and AC. There was no significant difference in mean levels of GHbA1c in T1DM patients with or without AC. Conclusion  This study shows that AC of the shoulder is a common disorder in patients with T1DM in Sardinia. It is significantly associated with age, duration of DM, and related complications. Level of Evidence  Level IV, observational cross-sectional study.

SummaryIn this work we study the safety and effectiveness of teriparatide and alendronate in patients with postmenopausal osteoporosis at high risk of fracture; it was a double-blinded and it was done by examining the comparisons between teriparatide 20 μg /day and alendronate 10 mg/day. Safety and effectiveness analyses were based on data from 355 woman with a mean age of 68 years. Two groups (A and B) with T-score ≤-2.5 at bone mineral density were analyzed and 3 or more vertebral fractures on radiograph. Group A: was treated with teriparatide 20 µg/day and composed from 182 women, in post-menopausal age, without a history of cancer. Group B: was treated with alendronate 10 mg/day composed from 173 women, postmenopausal age, with previous history of cancer (non-active during the study). Clinical evaluations were on bone turnover markers (alkaline phosphatase, procollagene type 1 N-terminal propeptide, and N-telopeptide cross-links), dualenergy X-ray absorptiometry and health-related quality of life (HrQoL). Safety was assessed by reporting of adverse drug reactions (ADRs). The results of this study imply that teriparatide comparated with alendronate has a favorable safety profile and is effective in the treatment of patients with osteoporosis at high risk of fracture.