Based on communication theory, this study proposes a model to synthesize normal and wheezing sounds. The model included five parts: the flow source as a transmitter, the frequency and amplitude-modulated (FM-AM) sounds, the accompanying noise as a modulator, the airway wall as a medium, and the microphone as a receiver. The hypothesis of modulation builds on that the deviation of frequency and amplitude of the sounds which cause from the deviation of collision speed of the air flow on the wall. The model was successful to simulate the normal breath and wheezing sounds. Furthermore, it provided a correct proof for the CORSA description, which indicates that the wheeze was contained in the domain frequency at 400 Hz, but a number of investigators have suggested that the range is actually between 80-1,600 Hz and 350-950 Hz by filter theory. This study modifies the signal source in Wodicka et al. model, and describes it in functional blocks. In fact, the design of the signal source base on the knowledge of the lung sound studies, especially the analysis of components in the frequency and time domains. We synthesized the required components to reproduce the lung sounds, and proposed a mechanism of wheeze which was examined by the computer simulation in the points of the system engineering view.
This paper demonstrates the design and implementation of a real-time wireless physiological monitoring system for nursing centers, whose function is to monitor online the physiological status of aged patients via wireless communication channel and wired local area network. The collected data, such as body temperature, blood pressure, and heart rate, can then be stored in the computer of a network management center to facilitate the medical staff in a nursing center to monitor in real time or analyze in batch mode the physiological changes of the patients under observation. Our proposed system is bidirectional, has low power consumption, is cost effective, is modular designed, has the capability of operating independently, and can be used to improve the service quality and reduce the workload of the staff in a nursing center.
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