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This is the first controlled study assessing the efficacy of PAE for the treatment of PPH. Our data suggest that PAE is effective for the treatment of severe PPH. In view of the lack of complications and unwarranted effects, clinical use of PAE in severe PPH seems justified, particularly in view of the life-threatening condition and the potential to preserve fertility in affected patients. Further evidence from well-designed prospective randomized-controlled trials would be nevertheless desirable in the future.

Many floodplain soils worldwide are contaminated by present and past industrial and mining activities. During flooding redox potential decreases, triggering the release of dissolved and colloidal metals. We used an anaerobic microcosm incubation to simulate flooding of a carbonate-rich floodplain soil for 40 days. Soil solution samples were extracted to determine the release of dissolved (<0.02 µm) and colloidal fractions (0.02-10 µm). We analyzed stable isotope ratios of colloidal and dissolved Fe and Cu representing two groups of metals with different release behavior; release of Fe was steadily increasing, while Cu peaked sharply after flooding and decreased afterwards. The temporal trend of δ 56 Fe values of total Fe in