Purpose
This study aims to investigate the moderating effect of travel motivation on the relationship between perceived risks, travel constraints and visit intention of young women travelers.
Design/methodology/approach
A quantitative study was performed, and data were collected from 416 female university students using convenience sampling. Structural equation modeling with partial least square approach was used to test the research hypotheses.
Findings
The findings revealed that travel motivation has a moderating effect by weakening the negative relationships between physical risk, structural constraints and visit intention.
Practical implications
The findings of this study provide useful insights for destination managers about the influence of travel motivation on the behavioral intention of young women travelers in the case of higher perceptions of travel risks and constraints.
Originality/value
Literature has discussed the intervening role of travel motivations in different contexts. However, studies are scarce in examining the effect of travel motivation in weakening the negative influence of high perceptions of risks and constraints on intention to visit.
In medical travel, previous studies have investigated the factors that influence medical travellers to receive treatment outside the country. However, most of these studies are limited to travel motivations and perceptions of medical services at destinations. The main objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between medical travellers’ perceived risks, travel constraints, and destination image based on medical and non-medical attributes. This is a quantitative study whereby the data was collected from 306 sub-Saharan African medical travellers, who visited India for the treatment. The study found that physical-health risk has a significant negative influence on destination image based on medical attributes. The service quality risk has a negative effect on destination image based on both medical and non-medical attributes, and destination risk has a negative effect on destination image based on medical attributes. The study also found that travel constraints have a negative influence on both medical and non-medical destination image.
Abstract. Mainland and maritime Southeast Asia is home to more than 655 million
people, representing nearly 10 % of the global population. The dry
season in this region is typically associated with intense biomass
burning activity, which leads to a significant increase in surface air
pollutants that are harmful to human health, including ozone
(O3). Latitude-based differences in the dry season and land use
distinguish two regional biomass burning regimes: (1) burning on the
peninsular mainland peaking in March and (2) burning across Indonesia
peaking in September. The type and amount of material burned in each
regime impact the emissions of nitrogen oxides (NOx = NO + NO2) and
volatile organic compounds (VOCs), which combine to
produce ozone. Here, we use the nested GEOS-Chem atmospheric chemistry
transport model (horizontal resolution of 0.25∘ × 0.3125∘),
in combination with satellite observations
from the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) and ground-based
observations from Malaysia, to investigate ozone photochemistry
over Southeast Asia in 2014. Seasonal cycles
of tropospheric ozone columns from OMI and GEOS-Chem
peak with biomass burning emissions.
Compared to OMI, the model has a mean annual bias of −11 %
but tends to overestimate tropospheric ozone near areas of seasonal fire activity.
We find that outside these burning areas,
the underlying photochemical environment is generally
NOx-limited and dominated by anthropogenic NOx and
biogenic non-methane VOC emissions. Pyrogenic emissions of NOx play a key
role in photochemistry, shifting towards more VOC-limited ozone production
and contributing about 30 % of the regional
ozone formation potential during both biomass burning seasons. Using the
GEOS-Chem model, we find that biomass burning activity coincides with
widespread ozone exposure at levels that exceed world public health
guidelines, resulting in about 260 premature deaths across
Southeast Asia in March 2014 and another 160 deaths
in September. Despite a positive model bias,
hazardous ozone levels are confirmed by surface observations during
both burning seasons.
The South African social security system is globally lauded for pioneering new conceptions of society and social assistance, and is celebrated as offering the world an alternative to mainstream social policy. What then accounts for better outcomes in poverty and inequality reduction in countries with similar social security systems? The paper locates the ‘diminishing progressivity’ of the South African system in the interlocking dynamics of structural violence, structural exclusion, racialised nationalism, financialisation and the subversion of democracy. The massive rebellion in the streets against the rule of rich and property is a reflection of the poor losing hope and patience.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.