A wide range of green solvents are explored to process TIPS-PEN (6,13-bis(triisopropylsilylethynyl)pentacene), and several other p- and n-type organic semiconductors for their potential generality in fabricating organic thin-film transistors.
Zirconium based metal–organic
framework UiO-66 is to date
considered one of the benchmark compounds among stable MOFs, and it
has attracted huge attention for its employment in many strategic
applications. Large scale production of UiO-66 for industrial purposes
requires the use of safe and green solvents, fulfilling the green
chemistry principles and able to replace the use of N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF), which, despite its toxicity,
is still considered the most efficient solvent for obtaining UiO-66
of high quality. Herein we report on a survey of about 40 different
solvents with different polarities, boiling points and acidities,
used for the laboratory scale synthesis of high quality UiO-66 crystals.
The solvents were chosen according to the European REACH Regulation
1907/2006 among those having a low cost and low toxicity and being
fully biodegradable. Concerning MOF synthesis, the relevant parameters
chosen for establishing the quality of the results obtained are the
degree of the crystallinity, microporosity, specific surface area,
yield, and solvent recyclability. Taking into account also the chemical
physical properties of all the solvents, a color code was assigned
in order to give a final green assessment for the UiO-66 synthesis.
Defectivity of the obtained products, the use of acidic modulators,
and the use of alternative Zr salts have been also taken into consideration.
Preliminary results lead to the conclusion that GVL (γ-valerolactone)
is among the most promising solvents for replacing DMF in UiO-66 MOF
synthesis.
Organic electronic FAB factories are hard-pressed due to the current regulatory requirements which restrict (or ban) the use of hazardous solvents; on the other hand, toxic halogenated (or aromatic hydrocarbon)...
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