Ginger had been reported to ameliorate painful diabetic neuropathy (PDN) in an animal model. Gingerol and shogaol were active compounds of ginger that potentially act on transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 1 (TRPV1), a key receptor in PDN. This study aims to predict the binding of gingerol and shogaol to TRPV1 using an in silico model. The ligands of the docking study were 3 chemical compounds of each gingerol and shogaol, i.e. 6-shogaol, 8-shogaol, 10-shogaol, 6-gingerol, 8 gingerol and 10-gingerol. Capsaicin, a TRPV1 agonist, was used as a native ligand. The TRPV1 structure was taken from Protein Data Bank (ID 3J9J). The docking analysis was performed using Autodock Vina. The result showed that among the ginger active compounds, 6-shogaol had the strongest binding energy (-7.10 kcal/mol) to TRPV1. The 6-shogaol lacked the potential hydrogen bond to Ile265 of TRPV1 protein, which capsacin had. However, it's binding energy towards TRPV1 was not significantly different compared to capsaicin. Therefore, 6-shogaol had potential to be developed as a treatment for PDN.
Determination of total phenolic, total flavonoid, and antioxidant capacity of ethanolic extract and fractions from red ginger (Zingiber officinale var. Rubrum) has been done. Red gingers contain the highest oleoresins among other ginger varieties. Oleoresins are component that had the most responsibility for pharmacological effect of red ginger, one of them is as antioxidant. Phenolic and flavonoid are highly contributing to the antioxidant effect of red ginger. The aim of this research is to determine the antioxidant capacity of extract and fractions of red ginger, and to investigate the correlation between antioxidant capacity with both total phenolic and total flavonoid. Ethanolic extracts are fractinationed with n-hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, n-butanol, and methanol solvent. Antioxidant capacity, total phenolic, and total flavonoid of all the samples are measured. Highest antioxidant capacity, total phenolic, and total flavonoid obtained from ethyl acetate fraction with TEAC 2143.9 ± 0.9 µmol/g (CUPRAC) and 4526.4 ± 3.0 (DPPH), GAE 229.9 ± 1.3 mg/g, and QE 46,6 ± 1,8 mg/g. One way ANOVA and post hoc analysis show significant result with p value <0,01. Pearson correlation shows high positive correlation. Determination of total phenolic, total flavonoid, antioxidant capacity from ethanolic extract and fractions of red ginger (Zingiber officinale var. Rubrum) has been done.Red ginger contain the highest oleoresins among other ginger varieties. Oleoresins are component that had the most responsibility for pharmacological effect of red ginger, one of them is as antioxidant. Phenolic and flavonoid are highly contribute to the antioxidant effect of red ginger. The aim of this research is to determine the antioxidant capacity of extract and fractions of red ginger, and to investigate the correlation between antioxidant capacity with both total phenolic and total flavonoid. Ethanolic extracts are fractinationed with n-hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, n-butanol, and methanol solvent.
Celery (Apium graveolens L.) is one of plants that initially only used for cooking. Based on the research by Wolski, et al., 2002, celery contains chemical compound such as tannins and polyphenols. Tannins may be useful as an anti-diarrheal because of the adstringent effect. This study aims to determine the antidiarrheals activity of celery leaf in male mice strain Balb-C that was induced by castor oil. The ethanolic extract of celery leaves divided into three dose group (5,10 and 20 mg/kgBW). This research was done by two methods, protection of castor oil induced diarrhea and intestinal transit. After five hours treatment, frequency of defecation, number of soft/liquid feses and weight of stools were calculated. The gastrointestinal transit rate was expressed as the percentage of longest distance traversed by the charcoal divided by the total length of the small intestine.From the protection of castor oil induced diarrhea method, ethanol extract of celery 20 mg/20gBW doses decrease frequency of defecation, quantity of the soft / liquid stool and weight of stool after 5 hours treatment in male mice that had been induced by castor oil. The effectiveness of ethanol extract 20mg/20gBW dose equivalent to loperamid 0.06mg/20gBW (one way anova test at the α = 95%). Besides, the ethanol extract of celery can prolong intestinal transit of mice, but lower than loperamid 0.06mg/20g (one-way anova test at the α = 95%).
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