The São Paulo Megacity Mental Health Survey is a population-based cross-sectional survey of psychiatric morbidity, assessing a probabilistic sample of household residents in the São Paulo Metropolitan Area, aged 18 years and over. Respondents were selected from a stratified multistage clustered area probability sample of households, covering all 39 municipalities, without replacement. Respondents were assessed using the World Mental Health Survey version of the World Health Organization Composite International Diagnostic Interview (WMH-CIDI), which was translated and adapted into the Brazilian-Portuguese language. Data was collected between May 2005 and April 2007 by trained lay interviewers. The World Mental Health Survey version of the Composite International Diagnostic Interview comprises clinical and non-clinical sections, arranged as Part I and Part II, producing diagnoses according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders - Fourth Edition, and the International Classification of Diseases - 10th Revision. Mood, anxiety, impulse-control and substance use disorders, and suicide-related behavior, considered core disorders, as well as socio-demographic information, were assessed in all respondents. Non-clinical modules and non-core clinical sections (obsessive-compulsive disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder, gambling, eating disorders, neurasthenia, pre-menstrual disorders, psychotic symptoms and personality traits) were assessed in a sub-sample (2,942 respondents), composed by all respondents with at least one core disorder and a 25% random sample of those who were non-cases. A total of 5,037 individuals were interviewed, with a global response rate of 81.3%. Saliva samples were collected from 1,801 respondents, with DNA extracted stored pending further investigations.
Com base no histórico de distúrbios reprodutivos, foram realizados inquéritos sorológicos e tentativas de isolamento de Brucella ovis em 28 propriedades do estado de São Paulo, totalizando 294 ovinos. Os soros colhidos por ocasião das visitas aos estabelecimentos rurais foram submetidos ao teste de fixação do complemento. Durante os exames clínicos, também foram colhidas amostras de materiais biológicos suspeitos para posterior cultivo bacteriológico em meio Brucella ágar, num total de 16 fetos abortados, um útero, seis secundinas, 13 secreções uterinas, seis zaragatoas de muco vaginal, 17 amostras de sêmen e três zaragatoas prepuciais. A proporção de ovinos com histórico de distúrbios reprodutivos e sororreativos para B. ovis foi de 1,7% (5/294), sendo um macho e quatro fêmeas, com títulos variando de 800 UI a 1.600 UI. Quatro rebanhos dos 28 pesquisados apresentaram animais sororreagentes (14,3%). Todos os cultivos das amostras biológicas foram negativos, inclusive sêmen e órgãos reprodutivos de carneiro da raça Texel, positivo em dois testes de fixação de complemento com intervalo de seis meses. Nos rebanhos de ovinos do estado de São Paulo examinados, não foi possível relacionar os distúrbios reprodutivos à sorologia positiva para B. ovis. No entanto, foi detectada presença de focos, fator de risco para a disseminação da bactéria nos rebanhos.
Campylobacter species are a significant cause of sheep abortion in most sheep-raising countries. The relationship between the presence of Campylobacter spp. in fecal samples and reproductive disorders was investigated in 274 sheep from 28 properties in the state of São Paulo, Brazil. Biological samples from 16 aborted fetuses, one uterus, six placentas, five uterine secretion samples, five vaginal swabs, 17 semen samples, and three preputial swabs were also subjected to bacterial isolation. The bacteria were isolated from fecal samples of 14.9% (5/28) of the properties, affecting 3.65% (10/274) of the sheep, 3.5% (9/255) of females and 5.3% (1/19) of males. Campylobacter jejuni was the most prevalent species, present in 66.67% (7) of the positive samples, followed by Campylobacter coli, present in 22.22% (2), and one strain was identified as Campylobacter spp. The birth of "weak" lambs (p=0.06, OR=6.83 and CI=1.73 to 27.05) and neonatal death (p=0.087, OR=3.5 and CI=0.83 to 14.72) were associated with the fecal isolation of Campylobacter spp. Diarrhea was also associated with the bacteria (p=0.003, OR=9.83 and CI=2.19 to 44.18). The dissemination of Campylobacter spp. in Brazilian sheep is low and that, at present, the existing strains are not responsible for significant economic losses in sheep production, especially in adult animals. Campylobacter jejuni e Campylobacter coli estão presentes nos rebanhos paulistas e observou-se associação de ovinos com isolamento bacteriano fecal com quadro de nascimento de cordeiros "fracos" e consequente morte neonatal. Além de sua associação com quadros de diarreia que predispões à infecção oral de cordeiros a bactéria. A disseminação de Campylobacter spp. nos rebanhos ovinos Brasileiros é baixa e que, por enquanto, as cepas existentes não são responsáveis por grandes prejuízos na ovinocultura, principalmente em animais adultos.
RESUMO: Objetivou-se avaliar a ocorrência, sinais clínicos e fatores de risco associados a soropositividade para Toxoplasma gondii e Neospora caninum em ovinos. Foram utilizados 294 animais com histórico de distúrbios reprodutivos de 28 fazendas do estado de São Paulo, Brasil, diagnosticados através da imunofluorescência indireta (1:64 e 1:50). A ocorrência de T. gondii foi de 29,9% (88/294) e de N. caninum 18% (53/294), sendo 3,7% (11/294) dos ovinos soropositivos para ambos. Observou-se com maiores chances à infecção pelo T. gondii: ovinos mestiços (p=0,04), Santa Inês (p=0,006), fornecimento de pastagem (p<0,001) ou associada a concentrado (p<0,001), uso exclusivamente de monta natural (p=0,002, OR=2,28 e IC95%=1,37-3,79) e a presença de aves nas propriedades (p=0,001). Na infecção por N. caninum essa chance aumentou em: fêmeas (p=0,031), propriedades sem aprisco (p<0,001) e sistema de criação semi-intensivo (p<0,001). Em relação ao histórico de problemas reprodutivos, ovelhas infectadas pelo N. caninum e T. gondii apresentaram redução da chance de apresentarem abortamento (p=0,044) e repetição de estro (p=0,025) respectivamente. O T. gondii esteve mais presente sorologicamente que o N. caninum em ovinos com histórico de distúrbios reprodutivos e apesar de suas semelhanças, diferiram epidemiologicamente em aspectos relacionados as características da criação como raça, sexo, sistema de criação, tipo de alimentação e manejo reprodutivo.
Campylobacter species are a significant cause of sheep abortion in most sheep-raising countries. The relationship between the presence of Campylobacter spp. in fecal samples and reproductive disorders was investigated in 274 sheep from 28 properties in the state of São Paulo, Brazil. Biological samples from 16 aborted fetuses, one uterus, six placentas, five uterine secretion samples, five vaginal swabs, 17 semen samples, and three preputial swabs were also subjected to bacterial isolation. The bacteria were isolated from fecal samples of 14.9% (5/28) of the properties, affecting 3.65% (10/274) of the sheep, 3.5% (9/255) of females and 5.3% (1/19) of males. Campylobacter jejuni was the most prevalent species, present in 66.67% (7) of the positive samples, followed by Campylobacter coli, present in 22.22% (2), and one strain was identified as Campylobacter spp. The birth of "weak" lambs (p=0.06, OR=6.83 and CI=1.73 to 27.05) and neonatal death (p=0.087, OR=3.5 and CI=0.83 to 14.72) were associated with the fecal isolation of Campylobacter spp. Diarrhea was also associated with the bacteria (p=0.003, OR=9.83 and CI=2.19 to 44.18). The dissemination of Campylobacter spp. in Brazilian sheep is low and that, at present, the existing strains are not responsible for significant economic losses in sheep production, especially in adult animals. Campylobacter jejuni e Campylobacter coli estão presentes nos rebanhos paulistas e observou-se associação de ovinos com isolamento bacteriano fecal com quadro de nascimento de cordeiros "fracos" e consequente morte neonatal. Além de sua associação com quadros de diarreia que predispões à infecção oral de cordeiros a bactéria. A disseminação de Campylobacter spp. nos rebanhos ovinos Brasileiros é baixa e que, por enquanto, as cepas existentes não são responsáveis por grandes prejuízos na ovinocultura, principalmente em animais adultos.
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