The Parkia gigantocarpa is a neotropical tree that naturally occurs in terra firme forest and floodplain. The aim of the study was to evaluate the physiological and biochemical behavior in young plants of P. gigantocarpa subjected to waterlogging conditions. The waterlogging was imposed at approximately 5 cm above the blade surface of the soil using pots with a capacity of 14 kg of substrate. The experimental design was completely randomized with two water conditions (control and waterlogging) combined with five evaluation times (0, 4, 8, 12 and 16-days waterlogging conditions). The variables evaluated were: Predawn water potential ( p Ψ); the foliar xylem water potential ( x Ψ); hydraulic conductivity; concentration of nitrate; nitrate-reductase activity (NRA); glutamine-synthetase (GS); total soluble amino acids; proline; glycine-betaine; alcohol-dehydrogenase (ADH) and lactatedehydrogenase activity (LDH). The significant reduction in x Ψ and hydraulic conductivity continued until the 8th day in plants subjected to waterlogging, with subsequent stabilization. The concentration of nitrate, NRA, GS, and total soluble amino acids reduced significantly, in the leaves of plants subjected to waterlogging. The waterlogging increased the proline and glycine-betaine, mainly, in the leaves. The ADH activity was significantly higher in the root of the flooded plants, especially, on the 16th day of flooding. In the same period, the LDH activity showed the highest values, mainly, in the leaves of flooded plants. The results showed susceptibility of young plants of P. gigantocarpa subject to waterlogging conditions.
The hog plum tree is a species exploited extractively, but this information is not included in official statistics, despite the socioeconomic relevance of the species in the North and Northeast of Brazil. The present study aimed to analyze physiological and biochemical processes in Spondia mombin L. plants under two water regimes. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse at the Federal Rural University of the Amazon, Belém, PA. The experimental design was completely randomized with two water conditions: control and water deficit, with 20 repetitions totaling 40 experimental units, where each experimental unit consisted of one (1) plant/pot. Moderate/severe water deficit was simulated by suspending irrigation of the seedlings, respectively, for a 15-day period. There were reductions in the levels of water potential, nitrate, nitrate reductase and proteins, while the values for ammonium, glutamine synthetase, amino acids, proline and glycine betaine had a significant increase in plants under water stress compared with control plants. Young hog plum plants under water deficit undergo changes in nitrogen metabolic pathways. These changes are indicative of intolerance to extremely dry environments.
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