SummaryAging is associated with many functional and morphological central nervous system changes. It is important to distinguish between changes created by normal aging and those caused by disease. In the present study we characterized myelin changes within the murine rubrospinal tract and found that internode lengths significantly decrease as a function of age which suggests active remyelination. We also analyzed the proliferation, distribution and phenotypic fate of dividing cells with Bromodeoxyuridine (5-bromo-2-deoxyuridine, BrdU). The data reveal a decrease in glial cell proliferation from 1 to 6, 14 and 21 months of age in gray matter 4 weeks post-BrdU injections. However, we found an increase in gliogenesis at 21st month in white matter of the spinal cord. Half of newly generated cells expressed NG2. Most cells were positive for the early oligodendrocyte marker Olig2 and a few also expressed CC1. Very few cells ever became positive for the astrocytic markers S100β β β β or GFAP. These data demonstrate ongoing oligodendrogenesis and myelinogenesis as a function of age in the spinal cord.
a) Detail level 1 (b) Detail level 2 (c) Detail level 3 Figure 1: Continuous line illustration of a plane image generated with three levels of detail.
AbstractThis paper introduces a method for automatically generating continuous line illustrations, drawings consisting of a single line, from a given input image. Our approach begins by inferring a graph from a set of edges extracted from the image in question and obtaining a path that traverses through all edges of the said graph. The resulting path is then subjected to a series of post-processing operations to transform it into a continuous line drawing. Moreover, our approach allows us to manipulate the amount of detail portrayed in our line illustrations, which is particularly useful for simplifying the overall illustration while still retaining its most significant features. We also present several experimental results to demonstrate that our approach can automatically synthesize continuous line illustrations comparable to those of some contemporary artists.
A method for automatically generating a picture maze from two different images is introduced throughout this paper. The process begins with the extraction of salient contours and edge tangent flow information from the primary image in order to build the overall maze. Thus, mazes with passages flowing in the main edge directions and walls that effectively represent an abstract version of the primary image can be successfully created. Furthermore, our proposed approach makes possible the use of their solution path as a means of illustrating the main features of the secondary image, while attempting to keep its image motif concealed until the maze has been finally solved. The contour features and intensity of the secondary image are also incorporated into our method in order to determine the areas of the maze to be shaded by allowing the solution path to go through them. Moreover, an experiment has been conducted to confirm that solution paths can be successfully hidden from the participants in the mazes generated using our method.
In this work we present a battery-saving algorithm for Location Based Services (LBS) that exploits the geofence functionalities provided by modern mobile operating systems such as iOS and Android. The algorithm detects the surrounding areas of interest (AoI) by taking advantage of the underlying structure of quadtrees, considerably saving the number of requests to the LBS server made by the application, thus extending its battery lifetime even in dynamicspeed environments. The areas of interest can have any arbitrary shape and are not constrained to circles as in previous work. In our experiments, through empirical and simulation tests, we show that a substantial reduction of battery consumption can be achieved (up to 45%) while keeping a perfect detection accuracy of areas of interest in comparison with periodic polling techniques widely used in current mobile applications, with error rates of up to 55%.
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