Developmental dental anomalies have been associated with different malocclusions in various populations. This study verified this association in Brazilian non-syndromic orthodontic patients. The prevalence of dental anomalies was evaluated by examining 2,052 pretreatment records of orthodontic patients. Panoramic radiographs, study designs, intraoral photographs and medical history were collected in order to identify hypodontia, hyperdontia, microdontia, macrodontia, taurodontism, transposition, impaction, and ectopia. Epidemiological data and classification of malocclusion were also obtained. Data were analyzed using chi-square and Fisherʼs exact test (P < 0.05), and the prevalence ratio was obtained from cases that had a significant association between anomaly and malocclusion. The results showed that 27.4% of the patients evaluated had some dental anomaly, and most of them were white women aged 11-20 years. Ectopia, microdontia, impaction, and hypodontia were more prevalent in patients with Class I malocclusion. Macrodontia was the only anomaly associated with Class II division 1. Impaction was associated with Class III malocclusion, at a 1.84-times higher prevalence. In conclusion, impaction was correlated with Class I malocclusion; macrodontia showed association with Class II division 1; and impaction and ectopia were associated with Class III malocclusion in Brazilian orthodontic patients. (J Oral Sci 58, 75-81, 2016)

In the past, osteomyelitis was frequent and characterized by a prolonged course, treatment response uncertainty, and occasional disfigurement. Today, the disease is less common; it is believed that the decline in prevalence may be attributed to increased availability of antibiotics and improvement of overall health patterns. Currently, more common osteomyelitis variants are seen, namely, osteoradionecrosis (ORN) and bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaws (BRONJ). Osteomyelitis, ORN, and BRONJ can present with similar symptoms, signs, and radiographic findings. However, each condition is a separate entity, with different treatment approaches. Thus, accurate diagnosis is essential for adequate management and improved patient prognosis. The aim of this paper is to report three cases of inflammatory lesions of the jaws—osteomyelitis, ORN, and BRONJ—and to discuss their etiology, clinical aspects, radiographic findings, histopathological features, treatment options, and preventive measures.

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INTRODUCTION: The dentigerous cyst is a developmental odontogenic cyst, whose therapeutic approach depends on the size of the lesion. This paper describes the treatment performed on a 14-year-old male patient who presented with a large dentigerous cyst on the permanent mandibular left second molar. CASE REPORT: The permanent mandibular left first molar was extracted, and the lesion was decompressed and marsupialized by excision of the overlying mucosa, opening a window into the cystic cavity and suturing an acrylic resin drain to the oral mucosa. The specimen removed during surgery confirmed the diagnosis of a dentigerous cyst. Within ninety days of surgery, there was a significant reduction in lesion size. Orthodontic treatment was then started, and included traction of the impacted tooth and opening of adequate space with a fixed appliance, providing favorable tooth alignment and leveling. CONCLUSION: Marsupialization and orthodontic traction should be considered when planning the treatment of a dentigerous cyst, mainly in young patients with large lesions, to avoid damage to the surrounding structures.

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