Body image is a relevant topic in the development of identity during the adolescence, where social factors are significant in determining individual expectations. This study aims to describe and analyze the perception that female adolescents have about the influence of sociocultural factors on their own body image. This research has a qualitative, exploratory and descriptive approach based on the Grounded Theory. Five adolescent girls aged between 16 and 18 years were interviewed. Results show that body image is characterized by ambivalent feelings and different degrees of body dissatisfaction. In general, participants overvalue physical aspects, for instance, thinness is believed as a sign of attractiveness, success and perfection, prototype linked to body dissatisfaction. The more influential sociocultural parameters were mass media, especially online social networks, peers and family. It is concluded that strengthening critical judgment skills to distinguish between the ideal body and the real body could enhance the prevention of eating disturbances in adolescent women.
Introducción: La obesidad es un problema crónico y en aumento. Su estudio requiere comprender múltiples variables asociadas. La imagen corporal tiene un papel importante en esta condición de salud. El propósito de este estudio fue comparar la percepción de imagen corporal de jóvenes normopeso y sobrepeso/obesidad. Material y métodos: Se comparó a 376 jóvenes de ambos sexos, de una muestra no clínica, de entre 18 y 25 años de edad, clasificados por su Índice de Masa Corporal en dos grupos: Grupo Normopeso y Grupo sobrepeso u obesidad. Para evaluar imagen corporal, los participantes respondieron el Multidimensional Body Self Relations Questionnaire (MBSRQ), y el Eating Disorders Inventory (EDI-3). Resultados: Los participantes con sobrepeso/obesidad están menos satisfechos con su apariencia y con su cuerpo cuando éste es evaluado por partes, evalúan peor su estado físico y/o sus capacidades físicas, presentan menos conductas orientadas a mantener o mejorar su forma física, perciben un peor diagnóstico de su salud y tienen menor satisfacción corporal. Están más preocupados por su peso, se autoclasifican más por su peso y presenta una mayor obsesión por la delgadez. Junto con lo anterior, se observaron diferencias significativas por sexo en escalas de las pruebas aplicadas. Discusión: A pesar de la mala evaluación que los estudiantes con sobrepeso/obesidad realizan en relación a su cuerpo no están dispuestos a realizar actividades concretas que les permitan cambiar su estado. Es necesario seguir investigando con el fin de desarrollar programas preventivos, y de tratamiento más efectivos.
The aim of this study was to analyze the psychometric properties of the Eating Disorder Inventory (EDI)-3 test to evaluate eating disorders in young Chilean population. Methods: The sample consisted of 1,091 Chilean adolescents and young people (i.e., 476 men and 615 women) between 15 and 28 years old, from the metropolitan region, and four regions from the coast and south-central zone of the country. The reliability and factorial structure of the instrument were analyzed, replicating the confirmatory factor analyses of Brookings et al. (2020), evaluating four additional models that included bifactor exploratory structural equation modeling (ESEM), bifactor, and two-bifactor. Results: A majority of the subscales presented alphas and omegas equal to or greater than 0.70, with the exception of asceticism (α = 0.543, ω = 0.552) and interpersonal alienation (α = 0.684, ω = 0.695) scales, which are consistent with the values of the Spanish and Mexican non-clinical samples. The best fit indices were obtained by the ESEM two-bifactor model, with twelve specific factors corresponding to the EDI-3 subscales and two general orthogonal factors (i.e., risk subscales and psychological subscales), consistently with the theoretical basis.
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